The focus of this dissertation is the solution of actual scientific and technical problem of creation of technologies of natural and technogenic N,P,K,Ca-containing wastes complex processing of the industrial region with obtaining biomineral fertilizers, substantiation of optimal technological parameters, kinetic and mathematical models of processes and reactors, that reduce the environmental burden and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions – CH4 and CO2. Theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed the scientific bases of complex processing of N,P,K,Ca-containing wastes, identified physicochemical regularities of stages of concentration of solutions, microbiological activation, dispersion and biochemical degradation with several multivariate biomineral fertilizers. A further development of the scientific background of the method of producing Р-containing component biomineral fertilizers from waste. Ideas for mechanism of biochemical processing of N,P,K,Ca-containing wastes in the complex heterogeneous system «substrate-liquid-gas mixture-biomineral fertilizer» were developed. On the basis of the mathematical model the method of calculating of the basic parameters of the reactor for the production of biomineral fertilizers, taking into account the mode of feedstock the coefficients of mass transfer for the phase «solid substrate-liquid» (199,28·10-6 m/s) and «gas mixture of biomineral fertilizer» (142,72·10-5 m/s) were substantiated. The regularities influence of anterior dispersion N,P,K,Ca-containing wastes on the size of the raw material particles were revealed. The thermodynamic dependencies of the process of production of biogas and methane in the processing of Ca5OH(PO4)3, Ca3(PO4)2, plant waste, compacted active sludge in the temperature range 326–223 К (imaginary Eа=24,8 kJ/mol) were established. Also, kinetic dependencies of recycling process of N,P,K,Ca-containing waste in the biochemical reactor were established and it was experimentally proved that the combination of hydrodynamic methods of preliminary waste treatment (Re = 4,6·104) and microbiological activation (ratio of microbiologically active additive : raw materials 1:30) allows to reduce time of stay of raw materials in the biochemical reactor 3,3–5,1 times and to increase content of nutrients in liquid biomineral fertilizers. The influence of regime parameters centrifugal disperser waste processing with the addition of microbiologically active additives on the quality biomineral fertilizers and biogas. The revealed kinetic regularities of release of carbon(IV) oxide and sodium carbonate from the duration process of biological decomposition of waste. Installed the influence NaOH on the efficiency of absorption carbon(IV) oxide from biogas as product of the process biochemical processing of waste, the highest degree CO2 absorption of 98,53–98,71% is achieved at NaOH concentration of 10–20%. It was determined the effect of temperature and were mathematically described the kinetics of biochemical oxidation of ammonium nitrogen in liquid N-containing urea wastes and the optimal nitrification time was found to be 13 hours a specific air flow of 4,15 m3/m3, the process occurs in the diffusion region by the first-order reaction, the activation energy is 6,49 kJ/mol. Dependences of influence of intensity and aeration mode on the process of biochemical extraction phenols from industrial runoff of production ammonium sulfate and Nitrogen of ammonium – from liquid wastes of urea production were also established. The technology of adsorption processing of liquid N-containing waste production of ammonium sulfate from resinous substances with the use of bentonite and natural adsorbent based on sunflower husk was created, that allows to bring their content to the maximum permissible concentration (less than 25 mg/dm3). It is experimentally proved that the urea additive in quantity 0,5 g/dm3 enhances the biochemical removal of phenols, with an initial content of 537 mg/dm3 and a specific flow rate of air of 5,84 m3/m3, from the liquid N-containing waste of ammonium sulfate production to the maximum permissible values – 0,98 mg/dm3.There were created the scientific and technological principles of waste processing technology of N,P,K,Ca-containing wastes to obtain biomineral fertilizers and the raw material base for production and the range of environmentally friendly biomineral fertilizers from N,P,K,Ca-containing waste were expanded.
