The solution of an important scientific problem of investments to support unprofitable and low-profit enterprises which require re-equipment and modernization has got theoretical substantiation and practical implementation.
Introduction concepts of microcosm-empires, microcosm-economies, minisystems, as well as microcosm-heterarchies to the categorical field of the world-system analyses allow to apply this method to the study of economic and organizational relations of microeconomic entities in the coal industry and classify non-diversified firm production systems as a heterarchies, i.e. techno-economic systems under the management of two or more interdependent equivalents in terms of impact on this system of business processes centers.
The classification of the variants of two heterarchy members’ relations, each of which may or may not be the owner, investor, producer of products, has been obtained using the method of trigrams - a total of 34 possible combinations.
In accordance, with the attributes "property - investment - management" on the basis of hexagrams, the classification of relationships between a state-owned enterprise and a private firm as a public-private partnership has been developed. It is proved that heterarchies with the participation of non-diversified coal mining companies are not a form of public-private partnership, unlike heterarchies with the participation of technological non-diversified firms that lease stationary mine installations (operate under a concession agreement).
It is substantiated that coal mining heterarchies have properties of industrial parks, economies with external effects and Möbius form organizations (business structures that use assets not belonging to them free of charge).
It is determined that heterarchy, due to the external effects of their economy, has greater stability in difficult economic conditions in comparison with the hierarchical forms of traditional coal mining enterprises.
Based on the concept of externality effect markets, approaches have been developed to optimize each mine operator’s production modes. For a state-owned mine, under certain conditions, the most profitable option for participation in the heterarchy may be to delegate mining of coal to a private non-diversified firm and to specialize in providing production services to that firm.
A coal mine enterprise logarithmic one-factor production function with the compositum mixtum as argument the value of which is equal to the annual costs is proposed.
Using the production function, it is determined that enterprises operating under difficult mining and geological conditions require the maximum possible production load, which should become an imperative of investment policy to reform the coal industry.
The established global pattern of low coal prices, strengthening the requirements for sustainable development and decarbonization of national economies require coal companies to change the coal mining paradigm in favor of energy diversification of mines, in particular by engaging in renewable energy. The second factor in favor of diversification is the desire to preserve jobs in the mining regions. The main condition for successful energy diversification of mines is adequate investments.
The effectiveness and rationality of the conceptual approach developed with the direct participation of the author to the shaft heterarchies creation to intensify investment processes in the domestic coal industry, proved by applying on the state mine "Krasnoarmeyskaya-Zapadnaya" № 1 corporate the development of the shaft field. With the involvement of a private company, an informal industrial park was created, which according to the above classification is a microcosm-heterarchy. This allowed to turn the unprofitable mine into the most powerful coal mining enterprise in Ukraine. Currently, the activity of three coal mining companies, which formed heterarchies with two state-owned coal enterprises in the Donetsk region has been confirmed. The Donetskstal Company reached the greatest development of the organizational and production form of heterarchies.
It has been warranted that the most promising direction of diversification of coal enterprises is the creation of heterarchies in the form of industrial parks with the participation of energy companies. In the cross-sectoral partnership, the coal industry and renewable energy are mutually beneficial, and the infrastructure that provides external effect and integrates both industries is the storage of energy resources on the basis of mines. In addition, distributed-generation coal plants at mines are able to ensure the revival of germanium production in Ukraine, which is a strategically important resource for modern industrial development in Ukraine and the world.
Keywords: heterarchy, coal enterprise, investment support, industrial park, economies with external effects, Möbius form, production function, diversification.
