Іatsyshyn A. Theoretical and methodical bases of digital open systems use in preparation of postgraduate and doctoral students in educational sciences

The dissertation presents a theoretical justification and a new problem solution of digital open systems use in the content of postgraduate and doctoral students preparation in educational sciences, which takes into account modern requirements of society digital transformation and aims to develop digital, information-analytical and information-research competences of postgraduate and doctoral students, as the future specialists who will provide digitalization of education and science at different levels of their organization. As a result of the foreign experience analysis (21 countries) it is stated out: such a preparation has its national differences; in the post-Soviet countries, in recent years happened to be a transformation of the highly qualified personnel preparation to the perspective of future PhDs training, in some countries exist a two-level training (Doctor of Philosophy and Doctor of Sciences); the process of defending dissertations and the requirements for presenting the results of dissertations in different countries have a national background and certain similar and different requirements; a number of programs and documents were developed in the international educational-scientific space to support researchers and to protect the rights of the scientists. It is determined that it is important to improve the scientific-organizational, educational-methodical and information-technological support of this process, namely, the end-to-end application of digital systems and technologies should be ensured. It is established that currently the preparation of specialists to ensure the process of digitalization of education and science in Ukraine is carried out in the field of knowledge 01 Education/Pedagogy in educational-professional (master's) and educational-scientific (postgraduate training) programs «Information and communication technologies in education». The stages of formation and development of the domestic system of training specialists in information and communication technologies in education are singled out and systematized, which was systematized and presented in the form of infographics. The experience of the Institute of Information Technologies and Learning Tools of the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine is generalized and systematized and it is determined that it creates an optimal organizational and pedagogical terms and provisions for quality training and certification of postgraduate and doctoral students for digitalization of education and science of Ukraine. We believe that it is important to extend this long-term experience into higher education institutions (HEIs) and other scientific institutions. It is determined that the use of digital technologies to organize the work of the Councils of Young Scientists should be carried out in the following areas: popularization of science among the public; providing communication with domestic and foreign colleagues; presentation of activities; dissemination of information materials; conducting questionnaires, surveys; holding scientific mass events; organization of work of thematic working groups, holding of working meetings, etc. The role of scientific schools is researched and it is established that scientific schools of such academicians as M. Zhaldak and V. Bykov play a significant role in the training and certification of scientific and scientific-pedagogical staff of the highest qualification for the digitalization of education and science of Ukraine. It is determined that the use of digital technologies and systems for research is a powerful tool, and in some cases remain as the main mean for research. The main criteria for selecting such systems are: free access, functionality, international recognition and suitability for use in free economic zones and research institutions. It is established that for the preparation of postgraduate and doctoral students and the implementation of research it is advisable to use the following digital open systems: electronic libraries, abstract databases and international scientometric systems; electronic social networks; specialized programs to check the uniqueness of scientific texts; cloud services; specialized systems for organizing conferences and webinars, etc. The factors influencing the formation of the image of scientists in the modern digital society are substantiated and it is determined that the main thing is the use of digital open systems.