Osadchuk P. Scientific and technical foundations for creating energyefficient equipment for improving the quality of vegetable oils

In this work, on based on of theoretical generalizations, analytical and experimental researches, scientific and technical foundations of the processes of purification vegetable oils have been developed, which allow to increase the efficiency of equipment operation, contribute to the development of their production in Ukraine and widespread use in the sectors of the agro-industrial complex. An optimal scheme of the process of complete purification vegetable oils for obtaining high quality products is proposed. A discrete model of coagulation of impurities has been developed, which makes it possible to determine the optimal time for the oil purification process. An algorithm for changing the disperse composition of impurities is constructed, in which a specially developed method for determining the class intervals of histograms is applied. Based on the theory of Markov chains, new relationships have been established between the mean free path of impurity particles and their concentration and the optimal time of the cleaning process. A method for determining the effective frequency band of ultrasound for processing vegetable oils is proposed. Based on the studies carried out, the dependence of the intensity of removal of impurities on the frequency band and the ultrasound power was obtained, which showed the following results: the power of ultrasonic vibrations is 1.3 kW, the frequency of ultrasonic vibrations is 120 kHz, the processing time is 200 seconds, and the oil temperature is 55 °C. The proposed design of the ultrasonic construction is associated with the biological properties of vegetable oils. Based on the studies carried out, the dependence of the intensity of the deposition of phospholipids on the intensity of the magnetic field was obtained, which showed the following results: the intensity of the electromagnetic field is 155 kA/m, the temperature is 55 °C. The best configuration of electromagnetic sources around the working area of the hydrator is shown. A mathematical model of centrifugation has been developed, it which contains the equations of motion and also a method for its solution, which uses the method of collocation of 12 characteristic points. An algorithm for calculating the velocity fields has been developed. Based on the developed mathematical model, the effective period of operation of the rotary machine is established depending on the dispersed composition of impurities. On the basis of the developed mathematical model of centrifugation, a method for calculating the optimal values of productivity and power is determined. The substantiation of the promising direction of energy saving through the use of the recommended means of purification of vegetable oils is given. The absence of technogenic impact of the developed technological process on the environment has been proved.