Garmash O. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis of oral disorders in persons born macrosomic

An experimental study of the dynamics of the morphofunctional state of tooth and periodontal tissues in postnatal ontogenesis made it possible to reveal the particularities of their development, atrophization, and decompensation for various somatometric parameters at birth of animals born macrosomic. In macrosomic animals born with signs of intrauterine obesity, the smaller size of odontoblasts and the greater degree of atrophy of their processes have been detected in ontogeny. The higher weight-height index of an animal at birth, the higher susceptibility to carious lesions will be. In macrosomic animals born with well-balanced fetal development or animals with relative intrauterine insufficiency of body weight, during ontogenesis, inflammatory phenomena were observed to occur in the periodontium, which were accompanied by circular ligament disruption and by the development of pockets. Focal osteoporosis was recorded in the bone tissue of alveolar processes. Persons born macrosomic have been shown to have two times as many dental complaints, on average, later in life, as persons born normosomic. The cases of a predominance of intrauterine obesity or an intrauterine increase in the body length or a well-balanced acceleration of weight gain and an increase in the body length in children born macrosomic have certain features of manifestations in the dental status, in particular, in the deciduous tooth eruption terms and the growth rate in infancy: these are slow growth rates of deciduous teeth, and also an increased by a factor of 2 – 4 times in the rate of deviations from the norm in the timing of their eruption. Oral soft tissue abnormalities have been shown to be associated with fetal macrosomia. Individuals born macrosomic have a higher percentage of dentoalveolar anomalies than those born normosomic. In the vast majority of individuals born macrosomic, the signs of facial vertical growth pattern are observed to occur, and most of them have disorders of jaw growth in the sagittal plane. Intrauterine obesity in persons born macrosomic, in ontogenesis in the majority of adults have been found to cause changes in the oral cavity that are accompanied by the destruction of periodontal tissues with a predominance of a non-inflammatory component and manifested by: alveolar processes atrophy, gums recession, and are accompanied by wedge-shaped defects development and reduced density of cortical jaw bone tissue. A well-balanced intrauterine development and relative intrauterine weight insufficiency in persons born macrosomic is mainly realized later in life by changes in periodontal tissues with a predominance of the inflammatory component and reduced optical density of trabecular jaw bone.A multi-stage strategy for diagnosing and predicting dental disorders in persons born macrosomiс has been proposed. The retrospective, medical survey, clinical, biochemical, and molecular-genetic data obtained provide the basis for the development of scientific prediction methods for borderline conditions and allow the personalized prediction of the course of dental diseases.