The dissertation summarizes the results of monitoring of phytocenoses of
semi-natural agrolandscapes using principles, criteria, signs from the point of view of scientifically formed bases of formation of semi-natural phytocenoses in agrolandscapes of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
Established that the rate of environmental sustainability for the Odessa region was 0.31, Vinnytsia region – 0.33, Kyiv region – 0.42, Cherkasy region – 0.34, Kirovohrad region – 0.28, while the coefficient of anthropogenic load was – 3.63, 3.63, 3.35, 3.53, 3.69, in accordance. The tillage coefficient of the Odessa region was 59.16%, Vinnytsia region – 58.9%, Kyiv region – 50.77%, Cherkasy region – 58%, Kirovohrad region – 71.8%.
Analysis of semi-natural phytocenoses revealed the distribution of 1167 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 106 families, 481 genera.
The leading families are Asteraceae (12%), Brassicaceae (12), Poaceae (8,8), Fabaceae (6,7), Ranunculaceae (6,4) Caryophyllaceae (5,7), Rosaceae (4,5), Lamiaceae (2,2), Violaceae (2,1), Chenopodiaceae та Cyperaceae (1,9), which include 48.2% of all genera and 78.5% of all species.
Detected that by the typological structure, which included the analysis of flora by biomorphological, ecological and ecological-coenotic structures, in the studied phytocenoses, the main part of the species are herbaceous polycarpics (62.3%), mesophytic group (41.9%), which are represented by sciophytes (34.5%) and heliosciophytes (32.6%), which indicates the predominance of flora species, typical for the Forest-Steppe zone.
According to the scale of disturbance of the plant component, semi-natural phytocenoses of agrolandscapes belong to the II – tense, III – crisis and IV – catastrophic conditions (forest belts, fallows, shrubs, old gardens), which is a consequence of significant anthropogenic impact.
The adventitious fraction of phytodiversity includes 177 species of plants (15.2% of the total number), among which archeophytes of 93 species predominate at the time of deposition (53%), epecophytes of 138 species – by degree of naturalization (79%), ergasiophytes 72 – by the method of distribution (40.5%) and acolutophytes of 70 species (40%), about 78% of species belong to the Eurasian, North American, Mediterranean, Holarctic, European, East Asian areological groups, by regional origin – 52% are Mediterranean, Mediterranean-Iranian-Turanian and North American species; according to the degree of ecological threat there are potential (42.9%) or equilibrium without a defined succession perspective (38.4%). The most threatening – expansion or succession with a certain perspective species are only 5.7% (10 species), which characterizes the agro-landscapes as those that are subject to significant anthropogenic impact.
According to the integrated indicators, the general tendency of hemerobia growth from semi-natural phytocenoses to agrocenoses was established. Due to the indicators of hemerobicity, it was established that the phytocenoses of agrolandscapes have different degrees of anthropogenic transformation – from segetal-ruderal to
semi-natural with the presence of rare and endangered species in the phytobiota.
It was determined that the main part of semi-natural phytocenoses according to the coefficient of phytodiversity destruction belongs to IV and V classes of destruction – above the average with certain violation of edaphotopes and with a high agrotransformed edaphotope.
According to synanthropization indixes, apophytization processes in
semi-natural phytocenoses of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine prevail over adventitization processes, which confirms the anthropogenic influence of synanthropic species on the state of phytocenoses and creation of optimal conditions for their further spread.
