Adamchuk-Chala N. Scientific principles of plant formation microbial complexes in artificial and natural ecosystems

The dissertation summarizes the results of research of biotic agroecological monitoring of the formation of plant-microbial complexes in artificial and natural ecosystems at different levels of organization from cellular and macromolecular to groups. Based on the obtained data, we formulated the concept of «Gravity sensitivity of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants at the cellular and macromolecular level», which is used to create an autotrophic link of biological support systems (BSS) of spacecraft and orbital stations. Under the action of different endophytic strains of diazotrophs of the genus Azospirillum we first detected morpho-functional changes in the photosynthetic apparatus of spring wheat, which consisted in increasing the size of mesophilic cells, the number of chloroplasts, the number of grains in the chloroplast, the increase in chlorophyll and on the formation of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants. According to the results of long-term researches it is proved that morphological plasticity of mesophile of leaves of soybean plants inoculated with biologicals was shown in increase of such indicators as: width of mesophile, area of сells of mesophile, coefficient of palisade, share of chloroplasts from the total area of mesophile and volume of photomembranes. The data were confirmed by the effect of increasing the peaks of chlorophyll in the reflection spectrograms than in the control without inoculation. The information technology created by us to study the architectonics of microbial coenosis of effective plant-microbial systems with parallel monitoring of the photosynthetic apparatus of legumes was used in a comprehensive approach to determining the influence of variegation and variability of soil conditions on growth and development of legumes.