The dissertation summarizes the results of research on the species composition of agents, distribution, diagnostics, treatment, and control measures of sheep digestive tract nematodiases in the Central and South-Eastern Ukraine.
The coproovoscopic results established that sheep infestation by digestive tract nematodiases agents in the farms of Central and South-Eastern Ukraine reached 45.92 % in average, and the helminthological dissection showed it of 79.58 %.
By the morphology of eggs extracted from the sick sheep faeces, there was established the parasitism of the Strongylida and Trichurida nematodes, and particularly of the species Strongyloides papillosus.
The helminthological dissections and species identification of nematodes in digestive tract showed the sheep infestation by 15 nematode species. The dominant species are H. contortus, O. circumcincta, T. colubriformis, Т. оvis, N. spathiger, O. venulosum, S. ovis. The Chabertia ovina, T. skrjabini, Strongyloides papillosus, Т. globulosa, Aonchotheca bovis were presented in lower portions. The portion of animals infested by N. abnormalis, Cooperia spp. and Bunostomum trigonocephalum did not exceed 1.55 %. Among the identified nematodes, the Т. lobulosa and A. bovis were found for first time in farm sheep in Ukraine, and the T. colubriformis and H. contortus are zooanthroponosic species and present a hazard for humans.
It was established, the sheep digestive tract nematodiasis the most often are presented as mixt-invasions.
The age and season features of sheep digestive tract nematodiases dynamics were established. Coproovoscopy results showed the highest strongylidiasis and trichuriasis infestation rate in sheep of 12–24 months old, and the strongyloidiasis highest rate – in the juveniles of 4–12 months old.
Helminthological dissection results showed the maximal infestation by S. papillosus and S. ovis nematodes in lambs under the 4 months age. It was established, the sheep of 4–12 months age appeared to be the most infested by Т. оvis, T. skrjabini, Т. globulosa, A. bovis, N. spatiger, N. abnormalis, C. ovina, T. colubriformis, O. circumcincta and H. contortus. The elder sheep (12–24 months) were the most infested by Oe. venulosum, Cooperia spp. та B. trigonocephalum.
Coproovoscopic study showed the pike of sheep digestive tract strongylidiases was in summer and autumn, of truchurosis – in autumn and winter, and of strongyloidiasis – in spring.
By the helminthological dissection, the EI pike of Т. оvis, T. skrjabini, Т. globulosa, A. bovis, N. abnormalis, H. contortus and B. trigonocephalum was in winter; of Oe. enulosum, N. spathiger, C. ovina, T. colubriformis, O. circumcincta, Cooperia spp. – the spring and summer. For Sk. ovis and S. papillosus, the pike was in summer.
Parasitology survey showed, that in Central and South-Eastern Ukraine the significant insemination of environmental objects by nematode eggs (of Strongylida order, including genera Nematodirus, Trichuris, and A. bovis, S. ovis and S. papillosus) is occurred. In average, the extensive contamination index (ECI) reached 87.24 % under the intensive contamination index (ICI) of 755.60±32.94 nematode eggs/kg.
There were studied the differential morphological and metrical species features of nematodes Т. оvis, T. skrjabini, Т. globulosa, A. bovis, C. ovina, Oe. venulosum, T. colubriformis, O. circumcincta, H. contortus, N. spatiger and S. ovis, extracted from the digestive tract of domestic sheep.
It was established, that under the experimental cultivation of nematode eggs in laboratory conditions under the stable temperature of 27 С, the embryogenesis of helminths parasiting in digestive tract, particularly Trichuris, Aonchotheca and, S. ovis extracted from helminth females’ gonads.
There was trialed and suggested the upgraded method of quantitative coproovoscopic diagnostics of animal digestive tract nematodiases.
There was trialed and suggested the upgraded method for nematode eggs detection in soil samples.
It was established, the most effective anthelmintic drugs for sheep digestive tract strongylidiases and trichuriasis are the injective forms of Ivermecvet 1 %, Kloziveron 10 % and Levavet 10 %, and for the sheep skrjabinemosis – injective forms of Ivermec.
