Trach Y. Scientific principles of the use of waste from the extraction of non-metallic minerals in environmental protection technologies

The dissertation is devoted to the solution of the scientific and applied problem of identifying cheap, effective, locally close natural materials among the waste of the mining industry and studying their impact on the environment in order to achieve the comprehensive effect of increasing the environmental safety of the mining industry and the positive impact on the environment of measures to rehabilitate water bodies. Today, significant volumes of waste, which have adsorption and reactivity and can be used for sanitation of the water environment, are accumulated and not used in mining. The beneficial use of these wastes requires the improvement of methods and the implementation of their research, taking into account the current global state of development of environmental sanitation measures. Methods have been improved and the properties, qualitative and quantitative composition of natural materials have been investigated for their use in environmental remediation measures. On the basis of the determined numerical values of the pH of the studied materials, the conditions for the implementation of the process of sorption of cationic pollutants are substantiated. It was found that in the rocks directly on the surface of the earth of the volcanic tuff deposits, the content of iron-containing minerals is about 40%, which is enough for the sanitation of the water environment through oxidation-reduction processes with the participation of divalent iron. The adsorption capacity of natural materials for heavy metals is approximately 25% higher in those containing hematite, and such materials are capable of sorption in both acidic and alkaline aqueous environments, unlike those containing only aluminosilicates. For the effective remediation of the water environment with a high concentration of heavy metals, it is necessary to introduce the natural material in small doses with an interval that depends on the electrostatic repulsion of cations of heavy metals and minerals of natural materials. The importance of dosing dispersed thermally activated and natural limestone for the removal of cationic and anionic pollutants for the safe course of the water environment sanitation process was experimentally revealed. Grinding and decrepitation intensify the reduction of anionic contaminants by 40% compared to natural limestone. It was established that the choice of the type of limestone depends on the type of pollutants, and the efficiency of their extraction depends on the rate of increase in the pH value of the water and the initial parameters of the water environment. Machine learning models based on artificial neural networks have been developed to predict changes in water pH during deoxidization of reservoirs for the safety of this process. At the same time, the average absolute error of the MAPE model = 14.1 %, and the correlation coefficient R2 = 0.847. The method of experimental research has been improved and the ability of Paleogene quartz-glauconite sands for dry magnetic separation to obtain 80...85 % of pure sand for the construction industry and up to 5...7 % of glauconite concentrate for remediation of the water environment has been substantiated. Locally accumulated limestone and quartz-glauconite sands proved to be suitable for a set of measures to reduce the intensity of eutrophication of surface waters by intensifying natural denitrification and compensating the negative effects of iron coagulant. Practical recommendations have been developed based on the results of experimental research on the complex use of quartz-glauconite sand (glauconite 15 %), volcanic tuff and natural limestone to reduce the concentration of Cr6+ and transform the formed Cr3+ into a stationary form. Variants of technical solutions have been developed