Khutorian E. Excitation of electromagnetic oscillations of sub-THz and THz ranges in vacuum electron devices with spatially developed feedback
Українська версіяThesis for the degree of Doctor of Science (DSc)
State registration number
0524U000011
Applicant for
Specialization
- 01.04.04 - Фізична електроніка
25-01-2024
Specialized Academic Board
Д 64.157.01
O. Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics NAS of Ukraine
Essay
The purpose of the work is finding of regimes and physical effects that lead to an increase in the efficiency of oscillation excitation and output of radiation in vacuum electron devices with long-term interaction in the subterahertz and terahertz ranges. The object of research is the processes of interaction of electron beams with electromagnetic waves in vacuum electron devices of the subterahertz and terahertz ranges, processes of competition of modes in the oscillators, as well as the formation of feedback in the studied oscillators. Theoretical and practical results. New physical models have been created that allow finding the conditions for effective excitation of hybrid bulk-surface modes in the Cherenkov oscillator, as well as oscillations in spatially developed electrodynamic systems of the CRM. The regimes in the THz Cherenkov oscillator with Watt power level have been found theoretically. Theoretically and experimentally, the conditions for suppressing competition in a gyrotron for the stable generation at a frequency of 0.78 THz have been revealed. Stabilization (better than 1% for power and 10-6 for frequency) and modulation (20 kHz speed and up to 100 MHz bandwidth) systems of THz gyrotrons have been created. Novelty of scientific results. It was demonstrated that the presence of delayed reflection in a subTHz gyrotron expands the range of frequency tuning due to the forward wave excitation. It is shown that the after-cavity interaction in the THz gyrotron causes a sharp increase of the output power at first cyclotron harmonic at the magnitudes of the magnetic fields that correspond to the excitation of very high axial order modes and it worsens the conditions for the excitation of the second cyclotron harmonic. Peculiarities of the competition of modes with different directions of rotation when the axis of the electron beam in the gyrotron is shifted are revealed. An effective feedback regime was found at excitation of hybrid bulk-surface modes in a Cherenkov oscillator, which is low sensitive to ohmic losses and in which the ratio of ohmic loss power and output power are close. Research methods. Numerical solution of the Poisson equation and the motion of charged particles by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method, self-consistent solution of the wave excitation equation and electron flow motion equation by the finite difference method. The experimental part was carried out according to the classical methods of measuring power and frequency for the terahertz range. The solution of the electron motion equation was carried out numerically using the Runge-Kutta method and the macro particle method; the calculation of the electromagnetic field excited by the electron beam, as well as dispersion in electrodynamic systems containing a grating, was carried out by the method of partial regions and the projection method. To analyze the excitation of a cylindrical waveguide with a slightly variable radius, the method of the equation of an inhomogeneous vibrating string with reflectionless conditions was used. The electron-wave interaction was studied as a result of the numerical integration of the weakly non-stationary wave excitation equation together with the equations of motion of the electron beam using the finite difference method. The experimental study was carried out using classical methods of measuring power, frequency and spectrum. Degree of implementation. The results of the work can be used in the creation of THz oscillators with increased power and improved stability of output parameters. Scope of use. The developed oscillators of the subterahertz and terahertz ranges can be used as a source of electromagnetic radiation in such applications as spectroscopy, THz imaging, plasma diagnostics, in the creation of new materials, biological research, communication systems and radar, etc.
Research papers
1. E. Khutoryan, "Mode Interaction for Random Signal Generation in MM-Waveband Vacuum Oscillators", Applied Radio Electronics, Vol. 12, No 1, pp. 51-53, 2013. http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Prre_2013_12_1_11
2. M. Sattorov, E. Khutoryan, K. Lukin, O. Kwon, G.-S. Park, "Improved Efficiency of Backward-Wave Oscillator With an Inclined Electron Beam", IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol. 60, No 1, pp. 458 – 463, 2013. DOI: 10.1109/TED.2012.2225837.
3. E. Khutoryan, O. Dumbrajs, G. Nusinovich, T. Idehara, "Theoretical Study of the Effect of Electron Beam Misalignment on Operation of the Gyrotron FU IV A", IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 42, No 6, pp. 1586 – 1593, 2014. DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2014.2322674.
4. E. Khutoryan, G. Nusinovich, O. Sinitsyn, "Competition between modes with different axial structures in gyrotrons", Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, No 9, 093114, 2014. DOI: 10.1063/1.4896709.
5. E. Khutoryan, M. Sattorov, K. Lukin, O.J. Kwon, S.-H. Min, R. Bhattacharya, I.-K. Baek, S. Kim, M. Yi, J. So, G.-S. Park, "Theory of Multimode Resonant Backward-Wave Oscillator With an Inclined Electron Beam", IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol. 62, No 5, pp. 1628-1634, 2015. DOI: 10.1109/TED.2015.2411680.
6. M. Sattorov, E. Khutoryan, K. Lukin, O.J. Kwon, S.-H. Min, R. Bhattacharya, I.-K. Baek, S. Kim, M. Yi, J. So, G.-S. Park, "Automodulation Processes in Clinotrons With Low-Focusing Magnetic Field", IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol. 62, No 5, pp. 1617-1621, 2015. DOI: 10.1109/TED.2015.2409292.
7. Idehara, T., Tatematsu, Y., Yamaguchi, Y., Khutoryan E. M. et al. "The Development of 460 GHz gyrotrons for 700 MHz DNP-NMR spectroscopy", Journal of Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves, Vol. 36, No 7, pp. 613-627, 2015. DOI: 10.1007/s10762-015-0150-z.
8. T. Idehara, E. Khutoryan, Y. Tatematsu, Y. Yamaguchi, A.N. Kuleshov, O .Dumbrajs, Y. Matsuki, T. Fujiwara, "High-Speed Frequency Modulation of a 460-GHz Gyrotron for Enhancement of 700-MHz DNP-NMR Spectroscopy", Journal of Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves, Vol. 36, No: 9, pp: 819-829, 2015. DOI: 10.1007/s10762-015-0176-2.
9. E. Khutoryan, T. Idehara, A. Kuleshov, Y. Tatematsu, Y. Yamaguchi, Y. Matsuki, T. Fujiwara, "Stabilization of Gyrotron Frequency by PID Feedback Control on the Acceleration Voltage", Journal of Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves, Vol. 36, No 12, pp. 1157-1163, 2015. DOI: 10.1007/s10762-015-0212-2.
10. O. Dumbrajs, E. Khutoryan, T. Idehara, "Hysteresis and Frequency Tunability of Gyrotrons", Journal of Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves, Vol. 37, No 6, pp. 551–560, 2016. DOI: 10.1007/s10762-015-0240-y.
11. N. Miyoshi, T. Idehara, E. Khutoryan, Y. Fukunaga, A. Bibin, S. Ito, S. Sabchevski "Combined Hyperthermia and Photodynamic Therapy Using a Sub-THz Gyrotron as a Radiation Source", Journal of Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves, Vol. 37, No 8, pp. 805–814, 2016. DOI: 10.1007/s10762-016-0271-z.
12. T. Idehara, E. Khutoryan, I. Ogawa, Y. Matsuki, T. Fujiwara, “Modulation and Stabilization of the Output Power and Frequency of FU Series Gyrotrons”, International Journal on Terahertz Science and Technology, Vol. 9, No 4, pp. 117-130, 2016. DOI: 10.11906/TST.117-130.2016.12.12.
13. E. Khutoryan, T. Idehara, M. Melnikova, N. Ryskin, O. Dumbrajs “Influence of Reflections on Frequency Tunability and Mode Competition in the Second-Harmonic THz Gyrotron”, Journal of Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves, Vol. 38, No 7, pp. 824–837, 2017. DOI: 10.1007/s10762-017-0378-x.
14. E. Khutoryan, T. Idehara, A. N. Kuleshov, Y. Tatematsu, Y. Yamaguchi, Y. Matsuki, T. Fujiwara, “Simultaneous Stabilization of Gyrotron Frequency and Power by PID Double Feedback Control on the Acceleration and Anode Voltages”, Journal of Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves, Vol. 38, No 7, pp. 813–823, 2017. DOI: 10.1007/s10762-017-0374-1.
15. K. Kato, H. Qiu, E. Khutoryan, Y. Tatematsu, M. Tani, T. Idehara, Y. Yamaguchi, M. Fukunari, Y. Maeda, K. Takayama, Y. Minami, M. Empizo, T. Kurihara, K Yamanoi, T. Shimizu, K. Takano, N. Sarukura, T. Fukuda, M. Yoshimura, M. Nakajima, “Strong yellow emission of high-conductivity bulk ZnO single crystals irradiated with high-power gyrotron beam”, Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 111, No 3, 2017. DOI: 10.1063/1.4994316.
16. Y. Toda, S. Ishiyama, E. Khutoryan, T. Idehara, S. Matsuishi, P. Sushko, H. Hosono, “Rattling of Oxygen Ions in a Sub-Nanometer-Sized Cage Converts Terahertz Radiation to Visible Light”, ACS Nano, Vol. 11, No 12, pp. 12358–12364, 2017. DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06277.
17. S. Mitsudo, M. Glyavin, E. Khutoryan, I. Bandurkin, T. Saito, Y. Ishikawa, V. Manuilov, I. Zotova, A. Fedotov, A. Kuleshov, "An Experimental Investigation of a 0.8 THz Double-Beam Gyrotron," Journal of Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves", Vol. 40, No 11, pp. 1114-1128, 2019. DOI: 10.1007/s10762-019-00629-6.
18. E. Khutoryan, A. Kuleshov, S. Kishko, S. Ponomarenko, M. Glyavin, I. Bandurkin, V. Manuilov, A. Fedotov, I. Zotova, S. Sabchevski, Y. Ishikawa, M. Fukunari, T. Saito, Y. Tatematsu, S. Mitsudo, T. Idehara, “Increase of Gyrotron Output Power at High-Order Axial Mode Through an After-Cavity Excitation of the Next Transverse Mode”, Journal of Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves", Vol. 42, No 6, pp. 684–700, 2021. DOI: 10.1007/s10762-021-00798-3.
19. E. Khutoryan, A. Kuleshov, S. Ponomarenko, K. Lukin, Y. Tatematsu, M. Tani, “Efficient Excitation of Hybrid Modes in a THz Clinotron”, Journal of Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves, Vol. 42, No 6, pp. 671–683, 2021. DOI: 10.1007/s10762-021-00800-y.
20. E. Khutoryan, A. N. Kuleshov, S. S. Ponomarenko, K. A. Lukin, Y. Tatematsu, M. Tani, "Hybrid Bulk-Surface Modes Excited by a Sheet Electron Beam in THz Cherenkov Oscillator," IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol. 69, No 6, pp. 3407-3412, 2022, DOI: 10.1109/TED.2022.3168526.
21. S. Ponomarenko, S. Kishko, A. Likhachev, E. Khutoryan, A. Kuleshov, “Electromagnetic sources for THz imaging and DNP NMR spectroscopy,” In: Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas for Biomedical Applications, 2021. DOI: 10.1049/PBHE033E_ch3.
22. K. Lukin, E. Khutoryan, “Mode interaction in resonant Clinotron”, IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC-2011), p.123-124, 2011. DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2011.5746906
23. M. Sattorov, E. Khutoryan, K. Lukin, Gun-Sik Park, A. Bera, R. Barik, O. Kwon, Sun-Hong Min, A. Sharma, A. Tanwar, “Experimental study on 0.1 THz clinotron”, IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC-2012), p.453-454, 2012. DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2012.6262236.
24. M. Sattorov, E. Khutoryan, K. Lukin, G-S Park, O. Kwon, “Automodulation processes in THz resonant backward wave oscillator with low focusing magnetic field”, 2012 37th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves", 1-2, 2012. DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz.2012.6380269.
25. E. Khutoryan, A. Tsvyk, V. Zheltov, “About reflection diffraction radiation oscillator operation at second space harmonic," 2013 International Kharkov Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves, p. 403-405, 2013. DOI: 10.1109/MSMW.2013.6622067.
26. T. Idehara, Y. Tatematsu, Y. Yamaguchi, E. Khutoryan, A. Kuleshov, K. Ueda, Y. Matsuki, T. Fujiwara, “Sub-THz gyrotrons with special functions of frequency control for applications to DNP-NMR spectroscopy," 2014 39th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz), 1-2, 2014. DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz.2014.6956167
27. E. Khutoryan, T. Idehara, A. Kuleshov, K. Ueda, “Stabilization of Gyrotron Output Power by Use of PID Feedback Control of Anode Voltage,” Meeting Abstracts of the Physical Society of Japan 70.1, p. 552, 2015. DOI: 10.11316/jpsgaiyo.70.1.0_552.
28. T. Idehara, E. Khutoryan, Y. Tatematsu, Y. Yamaguchi, A. Kuleshov, O. Dumbrajs, Y. Matsuki, T. Fujiwara, “High speed frequency modulation of a 460 GHz gyrotron for application to the 700 MHz DNP enhanced NMR spectroscopy”, 2015 40th International Conference on Infrared, Mi(IRMMW-THz), p. 1-2. DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz.2015.7327859.
29. E. Khutoryan, T. Idehara, Y. Tatematsu, Y. Yamaguchi, A. Kuleshov; Y. Matsuki, T. Fujiwara, “Frequency Modulation of sub-THz gyrotron for 700 MHz DNP-NMR spectroscopy”, Meeting Abstracts of the Physical Society of Japan 70.2, 650, 2015. DOI: 10.11316/jpsgaiyo.70.2.0_650.
30. T. Idehara, A. Kuleshov, E. Khutoryan, Y. Tatematsu, Y. Matsuki, T. Fujiwara, S. Asai, T. Suehara, T. Yamazaki, A. Miyazaki, “High power THz technologies opened by high frequency gyrations covering Sub-THz to THz region," 2016 9th International Kharkiv Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves (MSMW), p. 1-3, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/MSMW.2016.7538046.
31. E. Khutoryan, T. Idehara, M. Melnikova, A. Rozhnev, N. Ryskin, "Influence of reflections on frequency stability, tunability and mode competition in the second-harmonic THz gyrotron", 2016 41st International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz),1-2, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz.2016.7758527.
32. E. Khutoryan, T. Idehara, A. Kuleshov, Y. Tatematsu, Y. Yamaguchi, Y. Matsuki, T. Fujiwara, “Gyrotron output frequency and power stabilization by PID feedback control on the acceleration and anode voltages," 2016 41st International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz)", p. 1-2, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz.2016.7758502.
33. E. Khutoryan, T. Idehara, N. Ryskin, M. Melnikova, O. Dumbrajs, “Using of reflections for expansion of frequency tuning in a THz-band gyrotron”, 2017 Eighteenth International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC), p.1-3, 2017. DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2017.8289725.
34. E. Khutoryan, S. Ponomarenko, S. Kishko, Y. Tatematsu, S. Mitsudo, M. Tani, A. Kuleshov, “THz Cherenkov Oscillator with Surface-Radiating Modes," 2019 44th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)", p. 1-2, 2019. DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz.2019.8874184.
35. I. Bandurkin, A. Fokin, Glyavin M., E. Khutoryan, A. Kuleshov, S. Mitsudo, S. Sabchevski, Y. Tatematsu, T. Saito, Y. Ishikawa, “An Experimental Investigation of a 0.8 THz Gyrotron with an Improved Mode Selection," 2019 44th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)", p.1-2, 2019. DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz.2019.8874170.
36. M. Nakajima, K. Kato, H. Qiu, T. Shimizu, N. Sarukura, M. Yoshimura, T. Fukuda, E. Khutoryan, Y. Tatematsu, M. Tani, “Observation of strong yellow emission for high-conductivity ZnO excited by sub-terahertz gyrotron beam," 2019 44th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz), p. 1-2, 2019. DOI: 10.1109/IRMMW-THz.2019.8873849.
37. A. Likhachev, S. Ponomarenko, S. Kishko, Y. Tatematsu, S. Mitsudo, M. Tani, Masahiko, E. Khutoryan, A. Kuleshov, K. Lukin, “THz Clinotron Operating in New Regime of Hybrid Surface-Volume Mode with Wide Frequency Tuning Range,” 2020 IEEE Ukrainian Microwave Week (UkrMW), p. 1-4, 2020. DOI: 10.1109/UkrMW49653.2020.9252641.
38. E. Khutoryan, S. Ponomarenko, S. Kishko, K. Lukin, Y. Tatematsu, S. Mitsudo, M. Tani, A. Kuleshov, “Efficient Regime of Hybrid Surface-Radiating Waves in a THz Clinotron,” 2020 IEEE 21st International Conference on Vacuum Electronics (IVEC), p. 155-156, 2020. DOI: 10.1109/IVEC45766.2020.9520601.
39. E. Khutoryan, A. Kuleshov, A. Fedotov, S. Sabchevski, I. Bandurkin, V. Manuilov, I. Zotova, A. Fokin, S. Kishko, S. Ponomarenko,” Influence of the Aftercavity Interaction on the Output Power of a Gyrotron Operating at a High-Order Axial Mode,” 2021 22nd International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC), p. 1-2, 2021. DOI: 10.1109/IVEC51707.2021.9722446.
40. S. Ponomarenko, A. Likhachev, V. Stoyanova, Y. Tatematsu, S. Mitsudo, M. Tani, E. Khutoryan, A. Kuleshov, K. Lukin, “Simulation and Design of 300 GHz CW Clinotron Oscillator on Hybrid Surface-Volume Modes,” 2021 22nd International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC), p. 1-2, 2021. DOI: 10.1109/IVEC51707.2021.9722445.
41. E. M. Khutoryan, A. N. Kuleshov, S. S. Ponomarenko, K. A. Lukin, Y. Tatematsu, M. Tani, “Hybrid Bulk-Surface Modes Excited in the THz Cherenkov Oscillator with the Double Grating,” 2022 IEEE 2nd Ukrainian Microwave Week (UkrMW), p.238-241,2022. DOI: 10.1109/UkrMW58013.2022.10037038.
42. E. Khutoryan, A Kuleshov, S Ponomarenko, K Lukin, Y Tatematsu, M Tani, “The 3D Study of the Hybrid Bulk-Surface Eigen Modes in the THz Cherenkov Oscillator,” 2022 23 International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC), pp. 502-503. DOI: 10.1109/IVEC53421.2022.10292384.
43. E. Khutoryan, A. Kuleshov, S. Ponomarenko, K. Lukin, Y. Tatematsu, M. Tani, "THz Cherenkov Oscillator Efficiency Increase by Use of Long Structures," 2023 24th International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC), Chengdu, China, 2023, pp. 1-2. DOI: 10.1109/IVEC56627.2023.10157891.
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