Shendrik T. .Structure, physical chemical properties and perspectives for energetic chemical usage of salty coals

Salty coals (SC) of Ukraine. The studying structure, physical chemical properties, complete complex of natural minerals and transformations of coal organic mass (COM) during pyrolysis, hydrogenization, gasification and alkaline hydrolysis processes, the influence of natural salts on these processes. Elemental, technical and functional analysis, optical and scanning microscopy, (- resonance, DTA (Derivatograph - Q - 1500D), EPR (RE- 1306), IR-spectroscopy (Specord - 70), X-ray analysis (Dron - 1,5). The first systematic investigation of chemical structure and supermolecular organization of salty coals of Ukraine was carried out. Significant peculiarities of COM, complete complex of natural minerals inside SC and their influence on raw material behaviour in deep chemical conversion processes were established. The structural model of COM has been proposed, according to it salty coals are the natural insertion compounds. The regularities of salty coal thermodestruction in different conditions were detected . The routs of activation processes of COM by natural salts have been detailed. Main regularities of alkaline hydrolysis of SC were established, the structure and properties of products (humates, humic acids (HA), residual coal) were determined. Regularities of sodium, chlorine and microelements(ME) distribution at ashing, pyrolysis, hydrogenization, alkaline hydrolysis have been established. Principal schema for the low waste utilization of SC for obtaining physiologic active HA and cheap adsorbent (latter is the collector of ME) is proposed. The generalities of extraction and mechanism of silver sorption from water solutions by natural SC have been established. The dissolving scientific technical problem - friendly usage of reserve Ukrainian carbon raw material - salty coal - as the resources of energetic gases, liquid fuel and inexpensive adsorbents was proposed. Results of the thesis are recommended to use at an estimation of deposits and at a choice the routs for utilization of unconditional fuels and t he determination of their economic indexes.