Halperin OI. Regularities of macro- and microscopic structure and changes of heart chambers in normal and experimentally altered rat embryogenesis (anatomical-experimental study). - Qualifying scientific work on the rights of the manuscript.
The experimental work is devoted to the study of the chronic effect of cadmium on the indicators of the general course of embryogenesis and the establishment of changes in the structures of rat heart chambers in the prenatal and early postnatal period of ontogenesis with isolated introduction of cadmium salts and correction of trace elements citrates. The experimental study was performed on laboratory rats, the morphological material of the study were embryos, fetuses and embryonic hearts on the 13th and 20th day of embryogenesis and rat hearts on the 10th day of postnatal development.
The use of embryological, histological, statistical and immunohistochemical methods allowed to study the indicators of embryotoxicity and the main changes in the morphogenesis of the walls of the heart chambers under the action of solutions of cadmium chloride / cadmium citrate at a dose of 1.0 mg / kg in isolated administration and in combination with cerium citrate (1.3 mg / kg), germanium (0.1 mg / kg), iodine and sulfur composite (0.003 mg / kg).
New anatomical and experimental data on the effect of isolated enteral administration of cadmium citrate and chloride on the overall course of embryonic development were obtained, the degree of embryotoxicity of cadmium salts and their accumulation in the body of embryos under the same doses throughout pregnancy was determined. Cadmium citrate has shown for the first time less embryotoxicity than cadmium chloride, which is manifested in an increase in the average number of embryos, lower overall embryonic mortality, both on the 13th day and on the 20th day of rat embryonic development. Despite the lower degree of embryotoxicity, the level of cadmium accumulation in the hearts of embryos is higher in the group exposed to cadmium citrate. For the first time, data on the accumulation of cadmium and zinc in embryonic structures were obtained by the combined administration of cadmium salts with cerium citrate, germanium citrate, sulfur citrate and iodine citrate.
For the first time, the spectrum of cardiac chamber development disorders, changes in heart weight and cardiofetal index under the action of cadmium chloride and citrate was determined in isolation and in combination with germanium, cerium and iodine + sulfur citrate composites. The degree of novelty of the obtained results is confirmed by 2 patents of Ukraine, obtained by the results of calculations of experimental research (patent № UA 140875 U, and № UA 140584 U). The obtained utility model patents contain a method for reducing the embryotoxicity of cadmium chloride using detoxifying complex-forming compounds of cerium and germanium citrate, where the degree of compensatory action of trace elements citrates is determined, which can be the basis for developing medicines with bioanthogonic properties in cadmium intoxication. For the first time, the positive effects of cerium citrate, germanium citrate and composite of iodine + sulfur citrates on the indicators of embryotoxicity, cardiotoxicity of cadmium salts and accumulation of cadmium and zinc in all groups of experimental animals were established.
The obtained data are the basis for further study of the effect of trace element citrates (germanium, cerium, sulfur and iodine) as substances with bioantagonistic properties against cadmium salts and the possible development of pharmacological agents for treatment and prophylactics that may reduce the effect of cadmium salts on embryonic development, cardiovascular system of people living or working in polluted areas. The results of the influence of cadmium salts on the development of the heart allow us to explain or predict the occurrence of a range of disorders of cardiogenesis when a pregnant woman lives in the area of cadmium intoxication of developed industrial regions.
