Nadraha B. Morphofunctional, lectin- and immune-histochemical characteristics of ischemia / myocardial infarction in experiment and on autopsy material

The dissertation presents a new solution to the current scientific problem - the study of morphofunctional, lectino- and immunohistochemical features of rat heart muscle in epinephrine-induced ischemia / myocardial infarction and comparing the data with the results of lectinohistochemical studies of this pathology in humans. Catecholamine-induced myocardial infarction studies were performed on 34 adult male Wistar rats, as well as necropsy material of the heart muscle (left ventricular area) of individuals who died of post-infarction cardiosclerosis. To verify the development of ischemia / myocardial infarction in rats, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase MB-fraction (KFK) in the serum of experimental animals were determined. The ultrastructure of the myocardium was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The content of carbohydrates in the heart muscle was determined by the results of the PAS reaction and staining with alcyan blue at pH 2.5. A panel of 8 lectins of different carbohydrate specificity, namely: Con A, GNA, PNA, SBA, HPA, CNFA, WGA, LABA, was used to study the rearrangement of rat myocardial glycoreceptors in epinephrine-induced ischemia. Immunohistochemical studies were performed using 4 markers: Ki67, VEGF (proliferation markers), CD34 (proliferation and adhesion marker) and Casp3 (apoptosis marker). Examination of the autopsy material of the human myocardium using general morphological methods revealed hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes in combination with numerous ruptures of muscle fibers and replacement of defects with connective tissue elements, perivascular connective tissue growth, desquamation of the vascular endothelium and diathesis of the vascular bed. A significant content of pigmented lipofuscin inclusions was detected in the sarcoplasm of cardiomyocytes. A study of the rearrangement of human myocardial glycoreceptors in postinfarction cardiosclerosis using lectins WGA, RCA and LABA showed a clear labeling of elements of the connective tissue stroma, vessels of the microcirculatory tract, and tissue detritus. Endothelial cells of atypical spindle shape were identified using WGA lectin in the arteriole wall. Lectin RCA on the background of cardiomyocyte reactivity showed increased affinity for fibrous connective tissue structures. In comparison with the methods of general morphology, WGA and RCA lectins interacted more selectively with connective tissue elements, myocardial blood vessels, which allows us to recommend their use as an alternative in the quantitative characterization of cardiosclerotic changes.