The dissertation is devoted to the resource - saving technologies designing methods development of manufacturing parts of food production equipment. The aim of the work is scientific substantiation of manufacturing technologies for food productions equipment structural elements by the mathematical modeling methods for dispersed materials deformation processes using.
In the work first section the classification of machines parts and devices of food production was carried out, the conditions and features of their exploitation were established. The expediency of using resource-saving technologies, which include methods of powder metallurgy, is justified. A number of typical details that it is expedient to receive by these methods are offered. The analysis of methods of modeling of processes of deformation of powder and porous materials and existing software systems is carried out. The main tasks of the research are defined.
In the second section the formation processes mathematical model of structurally inhomogeneous porous materials is developed. The scientific substantiation of the powder materials plastic deformation model selection is carried out. On the basis of the powder and porous materials plastic deformation generalized model and the finite elements method, the definition of technique for rational constructive-technological parameters resource-saving manufacturing technologies of food production equipment parts is developed. Comparison of the calculation results with the results obtained by other authors confirmed the adequacy of the developed modeling methodology.
In the third section researches of processes of reception of details of a design purpose of machines and apparatus of food manufactures from porous sintered preparations are carried out. The processes of obtaining cylindrical bushings by the method of stamping, stamping of parts having an inner conical surface and the processes of obtaining bushings with an inner flange by the method of radial extrusion are considered.
It is established that:
- the presence of radial material flow during stamping of products “bushing” type leads to the increasing of the level of accumulated material plastic deformations;
- when stamping bimetallic blanks having an inner conical surface, the phenomenon of extrusion of a less strong layer from under a stronger layer can be avoided due to the difference in the initial porosity of the layers;
- at the final stage of radial extrusion of the bushing with an internal flange distribution of density on volume of a product is equalized, thus distribution of value of the saved plastic deformation is essentially uneven;
- during back-extrusion, the presence of imperfect contacts in the material of porous blanks leads to the appearance of loosening zones of the powder material and a decrease in the value of accumulated plastic deformation in these zones.
The modeling of processes of obtaining filter elements for technological equipment of alcohol production is carried out in the fourth section. The pressing processes of filter elements of cylindrical shape and filter elements of complex shape in the form of a flask are considered. It is established that:
- the distribution of the porosity value during radial-isostatic pressing of the powder filter element of cylindrical shape is uneven, with increasing radius the porosity value increases;
- in the manufacture of multilayer filter elements, it is advisable to apply the consolidation scheme on the mandrel, and not on the matrix;
- the value of porosity at pressing of powder filters in the form of a flask is distributed on volume of a product unevenly, its distribution depends on the consolidation scheme, application of the combined scheme allows to receive more uniform distribution of porosity.
The fifth section is devoted to the results of practical application of the work. The results of computer simulation were used to obtain multilayer filters and thin-walled bushings.
The main results of the work were implemented in the production at the Lutsk MPD of SE "Ukrspirt" (Lutsk) for cleaning technical fluids from mechanical contamination and at the enterprise "GRANTECH ENGINEERING".
Keywords: parts of machines and apparatus, resource-saving technologies, powder metallurgy, dispersed systems, powder materials, porous blanks, plasticity, finite element method, pressing, stamping, extrusion, filter elements
