The study included 118 children aged 1 to 10 years, including acute obstructive bronchitis. Patients were divided into groups: 1st group (n = 32) on the background of infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae; 2nd group (n = 32) on the background of infection with Mucoplasma pneumoniae; Group 3 (n = 41) without infection with intracellular agents.
Due to the fact that in recent years there has been an increase in bronchopulmonary pathology in children, in particular, acute obstructive bronchitis, which contributes to the development of bronchial asthma, it was determined the factors influencing the formation of their recurrent episodes.
A study of clinical and immunological characteristics of children with AOB, depending on their infection showed that among the anamnestic data in patients with intracellular infection more often than in the comparison group, there were: 1.6 times (p ˂ 0.05) complications during pregnancy; 3.4 times (p ˂ 0.001) frequent SARS in the first year of life and 2.2 times (p ˂ 0.05) frequent SARS after the first year of life.
When comparing the values, indicators of T - subpopulations of lymphocytes in the main group and healthy children found - a decrease in the relative amount of CD3 by 1.1 times (p ˂ 0.001), as well as an increase in the absolute content of CD4 by 1.2 times (p ˂ 0.001), CD8 1.2 times (p ˂ 0.05), CD16 1.25 times (p ˂ 0.05) and CD25 1.7 times. In general, patients with COPD have activation of T-lymphocytes. An important marker of this is the increase in the relative amount of CD25, which characterizes the functional state of activated T lymphocytes and indicates the activation of immunity.
A direct correlation with the frequency of AOB revealed the level of IgE. The high level of IgE was relatively specific for children of the main group and was found in 41.7% of them, the data obtained coincide with the results of studies that revealed a high direct correlation between IgE levels and the number of episodes of bronchial obstruction.
From the B - lymphocyte population there is an increase in the relative and absolute number of B-lymphocytes (p ˂ 0.001), as well as the level of IgA 1.5 times (p ˂ 0.001), IgM 1.5 times (p ˂ 0.01), IgG 1.1 times (p ˂ 0.01). Therefore, in this category of patients B - lymphocytes are in the activated state, ie functioning in the mode of compensation. It is noteworthy that among all immunoglobulins, the greatest increase in the level of IgA, ie immature antibodies, in response to the invasion of an infectious agent.
As for the degree of violations of the innate immunity, significant deviations from the norm were found in relation to the decrease in phagocytic number (t = 11.3; p ˂ 0.001), the activation index of the stimulated HCT test (t = 9.0; p ˂ 0.001) and an increase in the relative number of phagocytosis (t = 7.3; p ˂ 0.01).
In this regard, our data coincide with the results of studies that found that in young children infected with intracellular infections (ICUs) with recurrent respiratory infections, there is a depression of phagocytic and functional - metabolic activity of infected macrophages.
