Shapovalenko R. Productivity of sugar beet hybrids with the use of elements of biologization, microfertilizers and growth regulators in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

For the first time in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine it were determined the physiological, morphological and agrobiological features of formation of productivity and technological qualities of sugar beets roots in hybrids of domestic selection under alternative fertilization that includes application of straw, mineral fertilizers, micronutrients and growth regulators. It was improved the technology of sugar beet cultivation through the introduction of high-yielding plastic domestic hybrids and the use of a modern alternative fertilizer system. The main results of research. It was found that with the cultivation of hybrids Zluka and Romul the stability of organic matter in leached chernozem was achieved by applying 5 t / ha of straw + N50 + N100P100K100: at the end of the growing season the humus content in the layer 0-30 cm was 2.98-2.99% with an advantage of control without fertilizers by 0.12%. It was investigated that the alternative organic-mineral fertilizer system shaped favorable conditions for nitrogen nutrition of sugar beets. With the application of 5 t / ha of straw + N50 + N100P100K100 the content of nitrate nitrogen at the beginning of the growing season in a layer of 0-30 cm of soil compared to the control without fertilizers increased by 4.3-5.2 mg / kg, 30-40 cm - by 4, 0-3.9; ammonium - respectively 3.0-3.5 and 2.0 mg / kg of soil. At the end of the growing season, the content of nitrate nitrogen in the layer of 0-30 cm decreased by 2.0-2.1 times, 30-40 cm - by 1.6-1.7 times. It was found that the use of 5 t / ha of straw + N50 + N100Р100K100 in the main fertilization of sugar beet significantly increased the fund of mobile phosphorus and potassium in leached chernozem. The content of mobile phosphorus at the beginning of the growing season in the layer of 0-30 cm was 93-96, potassium - 109-110 mg / kg of soil with a decrease to the end of the growing season - in 1.2-1.3 and 1.3 times, respectively. It was investigated that the highest rates of growth and development of sugar beet plants were achieved with a modernized organo-mineral fertilizer system (5 t / ha of straw + N50 + N100P100K100 + Maximus (boron) + growth regulator "Nanomineralis") and a cultivation of Romul hybrid: weight of one root crop in August 607 g / plant, September - 660 with the excess weight of the root to the hybrid Zluka - by 49 and 45 g / plant, respectively. Romul hybrid in the period of intensive root growth (August-September) had a significantly higher productivity of photosynthesis than the hybrid Zluka with a maximum its value under application N100P100K100 - 5.38 g/m2 per day. It was determined that in conditions of unstable moisture on leached chernozem the highest productivity of sugar beet was achieved by growing a Romul hybrid and applying 5 t / ha of straw + N50 + N100Р100K100 + Maximus (boron) + growth regulator "Nanomineralis": root yield - 64,9 t/ ha, sugar content - 16.6%, sugar harvest - 10.71 t / ha with an increase to control without fertilizers of root yield by 26.6 t / ha, sugar harvest - by 4.19 t / ha. Additional treatment of sugar beet seeds with the growth regulator "Nanomineralis" increased the sugar harvest by 0.57 t / ha. It was investigated that the highest content of nutrients in plants at the time of harvest and nutrients removal by the crop yield was observed under a modernized alternative organic-mineral fertilizer system. In terms of the sum amount of NPK The Romul hybrid removed more nutrients compared to the hybrid Zluka by 59 kg / ha. Potassium prevailed among the removed nutrients with N: P: K = 3,4: 1: 4,0. Under the alienation from the field only roots, this fertilizer system formed a positive balance of nitrogen in the soil - 28 kg / ha, phosphorus - 59 kg / ha with a slight potassium deficiency - -12 kg / ha. It was found that the cultivation of Romul hybrid and the application of N100P100K100 + Maximus (boron) + growth regulator "Agromineralis" provided the highest energy efficiency of sugar beet agrotechnology: yield energy - 319 GJ / ha, energy consumption - 59.3 GJ / ha, Kee - 5.6 . These elements of agricultural technology contributed to a net profit - 11392 UAH / ha with a level of profitability of 24%.