Karmash O. Biochemical effects of photobiomodulation therapy under experimental diabetes mellitus

This dissertation focuses on the influence of photobiomodulation therapy on biochemical processes in blood cells of rats with experimental diabetes mellitus. In the dissertation work the influence of photobiomodulation therapy on some hematological indices under conditions of diabetes mellitus is investigated. It is established that photobiomodulation therapy has a positive effect on the erythron system. In particular, the increase of erythrocytes number and decrease of reticulocytes number during EDM and PBMT action was revealed. It is also established the increase in resistance of erythrocyte membranes to the action of acid hemolytic under the conditions of EDM and the action of PBMT. PBMT also showed an increase in hemoglobin concentration and in the content of protoporphyrin in the blood of rats with EDM. We confirmed hypothesis about action of protoporphyrin as chromophore to mediate it`s biological effects. Besides, it is established the role of PBMT in improvement of oxygen-carrying function of hemoglobin under conditions of EDM. The effect of PBMT on the development of oxidative-nitrative stress in the blood cells of rats with EDM was studied. Corrective action of PBMT on pro-oxidative/anti-oxidative balance in blood cells of rats with EDM was established. The decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation products in blood plasma, erythrocytes and leukocytes was revealed, but the content of ROS in the leukocytes of rats with EDM did not change under the action of PBMT. An increase in the activity of catalase and SOD in leukocytes under the action of PBMT was found. The decrease in the content of OMP in leukocytes lysates and AOPPs and AGEs in the blood plasma of rats with EDM under the action of PBMT was revealed. There was a decrease in the content of AOPPs and AGEs in leukocytes lysates during EDM and an increase under the conditions of EDM and the action of PBMT. The decrease in the level of RAGE in blood plasma of rats with EDM and under the action of PBMT was revealed. It was found that under the conditions of EDM and the action of PBMT, the activity of MPO changes in different directions: it decreases in blood plasma and increases in leukocyte lysates. It is established that under the conditions of EDM and action of PBMT NOS activity (total and iNOS) and nitrite level decreases. The influence of PBMT on the glycemic profile of the organism and energy supply of leukocytes under EDM conditions was studied. The antihyperglycemic activity of PBMT was established. The decrease in the concentration of glucose in whole blood and the content of glycosylated hemoglobin in hemolysates of rat erythrocytes under the conditions of EDM and PBMT action was revealed. Improved tolerance of animals to glucose loading has been established. The decrease in the absorption activity of the fluorescent glucose analogue 2-NBDG by leukocytes under EDM conditions and the increase under the action of PBMT was revealed. The decrease in the content of ATP in leukocytes under the conditions of EDM and the increase under the action of PBMT were established. The influence of PBMT on the functional state of rat leukocytes under EDM conditions and PBMT action was investigated. It was found that PBMT normalizes the production of ROS by leukocytes and activates the process of phagocytosis, positively affecting the functional state of cells. The increase in the activity of phagocytosis (phagocytic index and phagocytosis completion index) and superoxide production by neutrophilic granulocytes under EDM conditions and PBMT action was revealed. In the dissertation work the biochemical effects of PBMT on blood system of rats with EDM is found out. This creates an opportunity for the wider use of PBMT as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. The hypoglycemic effect of PBMT, as well as its normalizing effect on prooxidant / antioxidant balance due to photodynamic action of protoporphyrin and functional state of leukocytes due to its ability to increase glucose uptake by cells and normalize their energy supply are explained.