The aim of the work is to improve the system of measures to reduce the negative impact of polluted air on the health of children living in the industrial region based on the hygienic assessment of the impact of aromatic hydrocarbons and formaldehyde on the health of children.
In the course of the work it was established that the main sources of air pollution in the studied cities of Dnipro, Kamyanske, Kryvyi Rih are stationary sources of emissions from industrial enterprises. The largest share of pollution in the Dniprо falls on the enterprise of the energy complex - 71% (p <0.05), in Kryvyi Rih - 79% (p <0.05) falls on the enterprise of the metallurgical complex. A similar situation exists in Kamyanske, where the volume of emissions from the metallurgical plant is 94% (p <0.05) of all industrial emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere. The amount of emissions from stationary sources of pollution in the studied cities ranges from 69.06 (23.13) - 323.02 (27.13) M (SD) thousand tons per year with the highest level in Kryvyi Rih (27.13) thousand tons per year), where the volume of industrial emissions is statistically significant 3.5-5.5 times higher than in the cities of Dnipro and Kamyanske and 2700 times higher than in the control city of Novomoskovsk (р <0.001).
On average, in 2013-2018, the highest amount of emissions of specific pollutants into the atmosphere from stationary sources of pollution was found in Kryvyi Rih 16.00 (95% CI 8.53-23.47) thousand tons per year, which is statistically significant 4.53 times higher than in the city of Dnipro (3.53 (95% CI 0.64-6.42) thousand tons per year), 6.13 times higher than in the city of Kamyanske (2.61 (95% CI 1.55-3.68) thousand tons per year) and 997.3 times higher than in Novomoskovsk 0.02 (95% CI 0.007-0.025) thousand tons per year (p <0.001).
The recorded concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons (AH) in the air of all studied cities were within the MAC on average annual indicators. However, in 2017-2018, one-time exceedances of the MAC were recorded. 2-2.85 times for benzene, xylene and toluene in Kamyanske (p <0.001). During the observation period, there is a tendency to increase by 1.1-4 times the content of aromatic hydrocarbons in the air of industrial cities (p <0.05). In the control city of Novomoskovsk, the level of AH, phenol and formaldehyde was at the level of sensitivity of the research method during 2013-2018.
When comparing the structure of child morbidity in the studied cities, it was found that on average during the observation period the highest level of child morbidity is due to respiratory diseases. And it is in the city of Kamyanske 12799.9 (95% CI 11890.19-13709.61) per 10 thousand children, in the city of Kryvyi Rih - (11668.0 (95% CI 11245.36-12090.64) )), in the city of Dnipro - (10360.2 (95% CI 9912.7-10807.7)), which is 1.13-1.39 times higher than in the city of Novomoskovsk - (9208.23 (95 % CI 8942.88-9473.58)) (p <0.001). When analyzing the level of morbidity of the child population with diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), the highest level was established in Dnipro (363.4 (95% CI 322.9-403.8)) per 10 thousand children. settlement and the city of Kamyanske (321.1 (95% CI 287.66-354.54)). It was found that this figure is 1.69-1.70 times statistically significantly higher than in Novomoskovsk (215.2 (95% CI 201.27-229.06) per 10 thousand children. The level of childhood morbidity of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the city of Dnipro on average during the study period was at the level of 102.8 (95% CI 92.7-112.9) per 10 thousand children, in the city of Kryvyi Rih - (52.4 (95% CI 46.15-58.65)) per 10 thousand children, in the city of Kamyanske - 65.9 (95% CI 57, 46-74.27) per 10 thousand children.), which is 2.25 - 4.43 times higher than in Novomoskovsk (23.2 (95% CI 15.95-30.42) on 10 thousand children (p <0.001). Cancer incidence of children in the studied cities on average in 2013-2018 was in Kamyanske - 74.9 (95% CI 53.05-96.65) per 10 thousand children population, which is 2.35 times higher than in Novomoskovsk - 31.9 (95% CI 26.04-37.79) per 10 thousand children population (p <0.05 ).
There is a direct strong correlation between the total AL of the studied pollutants, taking into account the combined modifying effect on target organs, and the overall incidence of children - r = 0.53, t = 2.9 (p <0.05).
The paper proposes unified approaches to the air quality monitoring system. A model of epidemiological surveillance of non-communicable diseases associated with environmental factors, with AL assessment of carcinogenic anfd non-carcinogenic risks for timely response and implementation of the necessary preventive measures
