Ovcharuk V.V. Assessment of the impact of green manures and crop wastes on
the agro-ecological condition of the soil and product quality in the conditions of the
right-bank Forest-Steppe. - Qualifying scientific work on the rights of the manuscript.
The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the doctor of
philosophy in a specialty 201 – Agronomy. Vinnytsia National Agrarian University,
Vinnytsia. 2022.
The dissertation work is devoted to the study of expediency of application of
fallen green manures on indicators of agroecological condition of soil, productivity,
quality and ecological safety of production of cultures of modern intensive crop
rotation; calculation of the amount of by-products of crop production in the soil under
the condition of its maximum return and balance of nutrients in the soil.
Peculiarities of growth and development of fallen greens and subsequent crops
in crop rotation, their yield have been studied; quality and environmental safety of
corn grain and sunflower seeds as subsequent crops after green manure, indicators of
fertility and heavy metals contamination; calculated amounts of removal of nutrients
from the soil for the cultivation of major crops of intensive crop rotation and their
return with crop by-products. Correlation-regression dependences between the
studied factors are established and calculated.
The dissertation presents a solution to an important scientific problem -
increasing the yield, quality and environmental safety of agricultural products,
improving the agro-ecological condition of the soil by growing fallen green manure,
which significantly reduces the cost of production and growing such green manure.
The expediency of the use of greens in the conditions of intensive agriculture
of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe is substantiated. The use of crop by - products in the
conditions of intensive agriculture is analyzed. The natural conditions of the RightBank Forest-Steppe and the conditions of research and agricultural techniques in the
research field are analyzed.
Providing favorable agrotechnical conditions for the growth of fallow siderates
of winter wheat, spring barley, peas and winter rape can provide them with a
biological mass of 23.1-33.0 t/ha at a height of 22-64 cm during the 63-91 days of
their growing season. The longest growing season winter rapeseed takes about 91
days to form siderates. This is determined by its early harvesting - mid-July, the
shortest time period from harvesting the crop to the emergence of its seedlings among
other crops is about 18 days. The shortest vegetation period of carrion siderates is
typical for barley, about 60 days. This is explained by its late harvesting - the first
decade of August, the long period of sprouting from harvesting, about 23 days, and
the biological features of the long period of vernalization, which does not allow a
quick transition to the bushing phase.It was found that the vegetative mass of fallen
green manure, earned in the soil increases the content of humus by 0.11-0.14%,
alkaline nitrogen - by 1.77.1%, potassium exchange - by 27.4-32.2% .
Key words: greens, agro-ecological condition of soil, corn, sunflower,
productivity, quality, ecological safety, by-products, nutrients, balance.
