The beligerative landscape complex soils of the Kamyanets-Podilskyi State Historical Reserve Museum are represented by unique naturally anthropogenic and anthropogenic formations, in particular, urborendzyns and construction soils. Taking into account the uniqueness of beligerative complexes soils, complexity and accessibility of its research due to the lack of systematized and generalized diagnostic features, multi-vector nature of the morphogenetic properties formation and significance of its anthropogenic changes, as well as problems of preservation and optimal use of these soils, we have reasons to state that today they are not studied properly. Hence, the results obtained by us on study of the features of genesis, development of degradation processes and morphogenetic properties formation of the investigated soils at various stages of their transformation from natural to naturally anthropogenic or anthropogenic ones are extremely relevant. Therefore, the main goal of this thesis is to study genesis, conditions of formation, use and protection of the soils within various parts of the beligerative landscape complex of the Kamyanets-Podilskyi State Historical Reserve Museum with different functional purposes by learning its morphogenetic, micromorphological, physico-chemical and chemical properties.
The scientific novelty of the obtained results in thesis is as follows – for the first time ever:
- the genesis features of urborendzyns and construction soils of the beligerative landscape complex of the Kamyanets-Podilskyi State Historical Reserve Museum were investigated and described;
- the macro- and micromorphological features of the formation and structure of the genetic profile of urborendzyns and construction solis were investigated;
- the peculiarities of the fractional group composition of humus in the investigated urborendzyns and construction soils were revealed;
- a new unique specialized geotour on beligerative landscape complex of the Kamyanets-Podilskyi State Historical Reserve Museum was developed and implemented.
updated and specified:
- chronological arrangement of soil and geographic studies of the beligerative landscape complexes soils
- theoretical foundations of genesis peculiarities study and conditions of azonic types of soils (urborendzyns and construction soils) distribution and functioning within the boundaries of the beligerative landscape complex through the use of comparative geographical and paleopedological approaches.
- methodological provisions for genesis peculiarities study and morphogenetic properties of urborendzyns and construction soils in naturally anthropogenic and anthropogenic conditions of beligerative landscape complex;
According to the classification by G.I. Denisyk, the beligerative landscape complex of the Kamyanets-Podilskyi State Historical Reserve Museum is a long-lasting self-regulating military beligerative landscape complex of the slope type located in the supra canyon part of the Smotrych River valley. The peculiarity of this beligerative complex is that it is situated on a small territory (≈ 4.5 hectares).
For complex soil and ecological studies, 5 key sites have been laid out, 4 sites within the boundaries of the beligerative complex on various defensive structures, which differ in their functional purpose and period of formation, and 1 site within the adjacent agro landscape with similar soil-forming factors.
The ground cover of beligerative landscape complex of the Kamyanets-Podilskyi State Historical Reserve Museum is variegated and not continuous. Urborendzyns are distributed fragmentarily and adjacent to the artificial terrace of the "Daylight Tower" upper part, fragments of basements and stone floors of defensive structures as well as central sections of defensive ramparts. Construction soils are diffused throughout all types of fortifications. Sometimes they completely form defensive structures. Very often they stay adjacent to local sloping areas or are formed as defensive ramparts. In general, the beligerative complex soils are marked by a branchy genesis as a result of repeated long-term anthropogenic influence (piling up and interfusion).
The results of conducted research established the peculiarities of genesis, conditions of soil formation, use and protection of naturally anthropogenic and anthropogenic soils, especially urborendzyns and construction soils, within various parts of the beligerative landscape complex of the Kamyanets-Podilskyi State Historical Reserve Museum with different functional purposes as well as organised meticulous study of its macromorphological, micromorphological, physico-chemical and chemical properties.
