Badiuk N. Cardiac arrhythmias in the acute period of myocardial infarction in conditions of comorbidity: optimization of diagnosis and assessment of family and long-term prognosis of survival

The dissertation is devoted to the study of the proarrhythmogenic activity of the myocardium at different time points of myocardial infarction (MI), its influence on the course of the acute period, post-infarction remodeling of the heart, the development of complications at the hospital stage of treatment, after discharge from the hospital, and during dynamic observation over 24 months in patients with comorbid arterial hypertension (AH) and diabetes mellitus (DM). The development of adverse cardiovascular events in the catamnesis was also tracked and immediate and long-term (within 10 years) mortality in the studied cohort of patients was studied depending on the term and type of cardiac arrhythmias (CA) in the acute period of MI. It was proved that long-term survival significantly worsened in patients who had paroxysms of atrial fibrillation at the pre-hospital stage. It has been shown that in the acute period of MI, prereperfusion CA most often occur and have the worst long-term prognosis in ventricular arrhythmia. It has been proven that patients with paroxysm of atrial fibrillation, which occurred at the pre-hospital stage, had the highest 30-day mortality. It has been confirmed that late post-reperfusion arrhythmias occur much less often than rhythm disturbances in other periods of MI, but have a reliable impact on the long-term survival of patients. This is especially true of early post-reperfusion arrhythmias, for which survival rates during the 10-year follow-up period were significantly lower, and mortality rates were significantly worse. We proved that patients who survived reperfusion CA had a better long-term prognosis compared to patients who did not experience reperfusion arrhythmias. Comorbid pathology, in particular hypertension and diabetes, increases the proarrhythmogenic potential of the myocardium in conditions of acute ischemia and worsens the early and long-term prognosis after MI, which requires optimization of management tactics for such patients. It was established that the proarrhythmogenic potential increased in conditions of comorbidity due to inadequate post-infarction remodeling against the background of previous changes in the myocardium due to the adverse effects of hypertension and diabetes. In general, according to the data of our study, it was established that the time of appearance and the type of CA are the leading determinants of the impact on the immediate and long-term prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome.