The dissertation is devoted to the theoretical substantiation and development of elements of the technology of growing green asparagus in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine under various conditions of ridgeless technology to maximize the biological needs of a valuable perennial crop, to determine agricultural measures to create a "vegetable conveyor" that guarantee obtaining high economic and production indicators.
The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time in the Forest Steppe of Ukraine, under the conditions of drip irrigation and ridgeless growing technology, the patterns of growth, development and yield formation of 23 culture hybrids were investigated. The optimal conditions for the pre-sowing treatment of its asparagus seeds were determined. The optimal conditions for the pre-sowing treatment of its asparagus seeds were determined. The effectiveness of the combined use of hybrids of different growth periods and technological measures (covering plantations with agrofiber and mulching with straw) to extend the product production pipeline has been proven.
The practical significance of the obtained results consists in obtaining objective information about the productivity, disease resistance and quality of 23 medicinal asparagus hybrids of the world's leading breeding companies that are promising for the production of green asparagus. For producers of green asparagus, recommendations regarding the organization of the cold chain and logistics during the production of competitive fresh products for domestic and foreign markets and processing have been developed and implemented in production.
The effectiveness of using cassette seedlings for growing green asparagus using organic vegetable growing technologies has been established. Low-temperature treatment of seeds (temperature -70°C) in containers with a capacity of 1.8 ml provides an increase in the quality of planting material. The effect of the intervention is manifested in a significant increase in the growth of planting material in the number of shoots (10.5 pcs.), their weight (17.5 g) and the weight of roots (45.0 g) compared to the control (7.4 pcs., 10, 5 and 29.5 g, respectively).
In order to identify morphobotanical characteristics in the conditions of the Eastern Forest Steppe, related to the yield of medicinal asparagus, a 4-year database of quantitative traits of 23 hybrids in different phases of development under ridgeless cultivation technology was formed and analyzed. Correlation analysis revealed significant significant relationships (0.5 < rp < 0.7) between the productivity of 4-year-old plants and the following characteristics: the productivity of 2-year-old (r = 0.45) and 3-year-old plantations (r = 0, 46); the average thickness of the spear, the density of spear heads, the content of vitamin C in the spears, the number of shoots at the end of the first, second and third years of vegetation and the density of cladodes. An inverse correlation was determined between the total yield and the signs "beginning of spear growth" (r = -0.56) and "massive spear growth" (r = - 0.49).
The results of four-year phenological observations made it possible to differentiate hybrids according to their demand for temperature conditions and divide them into three groups. Early samples grew at sums of active temperatures (SAT) of 118 ºC to 174 ºС, mid-ripened hybrids from 176 ºС, late-ripened ones - over 250 ºC. The difference between the growth periods of hybrids of different groups is 7-10 days, thanks to which it was possible to double the generally accepted standard season product collection.
The productivity dynamics of asparagus plants in the second-fourth years of the growing season showed a steady increase over the years. Samples that exceeded the standard in the course of research were selected - the zoned Aspalim hybrid. Among all-male hybrids (100%), the highest yields compared to the standard were provided by Guelph Equinox (199%), Guelph Eclipse (190%), Greenic (184%), Avalim (184%). Among hybrids containing female plants, Apollo (230%), Atlas (193%), Vittorio (174%) exceeded the standard. The marketability of most of the samples tested at the test site exceeded 95% (hybrid standard Aspalim – 93.6%). Due to the high temperature background during the harvesting season, the density of the spear tips decreased, which negatively affected the quality of the products. Guelph Equinox and Guelph Eclipse hybrids were characterized by a high density of spears (point 4.5).
