Currently, the main source of mechanical energy for cars, road, lifting transport, agricultural, construction and other purposes are internal combustion engines (ICE) — spark ignition engines (SI) and diesels. Due to the significant advantages of these engines compared to other, new sources of energy, it can be argued that these engines will be widely used in the future. Therefore, the improvement of ICE parameters remains an important problem. SI are the main ones on passenger cars. One of the disadvantages of these engines is the deterioration of fuel efficiency and environmental indicators in partial load modes and idling modes, which are the main modes of operation of vehicles engines in operational conditions. One of the main reasons for the deterioration of the fuel economy of SI in partial load modes is the method of power regulating by throttling the fuel-air mixture.
The work carried out theoretical and experimental studies of three methods of a group of cylinders’ deactivation, which can be used on engines that are in operation, namely, stopping of the fuel supply to the cylinder group without making changes to the gas distribution system, stopping of the fuel supply with free admission to the disconnected group of air when ambient temperature and the same with air heating.
Scientific novelty of the obtained results.
1. The method of conducting calculation studies of the influence of the method of disconnecting a group of cylinders on fuel efficiency and emissions of ICE during the implementation of the combined method of regulating the energy indicators of SI has been developed.
2. Dependence for determining the indicator of the working cylinder group, which is the same for all methods of disconnection of the cylinder group that were compared, from the vacuum at the intake.
3. The proposed dependence for determining the mechanical efficiency of the engine when a group of cylinders is disconnected using the experimentally obtained pressure of mechanical losses and rarefaction at the inlet of the disconnected cylinders.
4. Results of calculation studies of fuel economy and environmental indicators when using different methods of disconnecting a group of cylinders to implement a combined method of regulating the energy indicators of SI.
The practical significance of the obtained results.
The practical value of the work consists of:
1. Experimental data on the fuel efficiency of a multi-cylinder engine with spark ignition (i=6) when adjusting energy indicators by turning off a group of cylinders in the modes of light loads and idling.
2. Calculated and experimental data on fuel consumption depending on the external load during operation of the SI when the group of cylinders is disconnected in various ways.
3. Concentrations and mass emissions of hazardous waste from HV depending on the external load during operation of SI with disconnection of a group of cylinders in various ways.
4. Experimental data on fuel efficiency, environmental indicators, mechanical losses of a 6-cylinder SI with an electronic fuel injection control system, feedback and a three-component catalytic converter.
5. Methodology for calculation studies of the influence of the method of disconnecting a group of cylinders on the fuel economy and environmental indicators of SI when adjusting its energy indicators by a combined method.
Keywords: spark-ignition engine, combined regulation method, cylinder group shutdown, fuel consumption, environmental indicators, exhaust gases.
