The dissertation substantiates the results of studies of the growth rate and development of common pine crops, which grow on soils without stony rocks, as well as with different depths and access to the surface of granite rocks.
It was established that in the research region granite rocks are located both on the surface and at different depths of the soil.
It was found that on soils with a slight occurrence of a continuous crystalline shield, the development of the core root is possible only if there are cracks in the crystalline rock, which will further determine the ability of plants to adapt under growing conditions, which will affect their bioecological characteristics and the stability of plantations as a whole.
It was established that the structure of the root system of pine trees in areas without stones in the soil is very similar to the structure of the root system of its trees, which grow under the same conditions of fresh suboreas from other regions.
It is proved that due to the presence of granite rocks in the soil and as a result of rarefaction of forest crops, the lighting intensity is greater in areas with access to the surface and the presence of granite rocks in the soil.
In the study of environmental indicators, it was found that in all the studied variants the soil temperature was higher on the surface and gradually decreased with increasing soil depth.
The moisture content of the soil with the exit of granite rocks to the surface is much lower than in crops, especially the upper layer, since crystalline rocks heat up very much and at the same time transfer temperature to neighboring soil layers.
It was revealed that the total moisture reserves in the soil layer to a depth of 150 cm decreased in areas with granite rocks in the soil and on its surface.
Studies have shown that in areas where granite rocks reach the soil surface due to direct penetration of the sun's rays onto the soil surface and, as a result, an increase in its temperature, conditions are created for the loss of soil moisture and especially its
upper layers, which subsequently negatively affects energy growth of common pine crops, their biological stability and productivity.
An analysis of the research results convincingly proves the significance of the influence of the thickness of the soil layer on the growth and development of Scots pine and the possibility of the formation of forest cenoses with its participation.
It is worth noting that on soils with a close occurrence of granite rocks to the day surface, natural regeneration by loosening the soil should be promoted.
A small number (476 pcs.) of pine trees per hectare in 37-year-old cultures of the Korostyshevsky forestry, low average height (15.8 m) and average diameter (22.0 cm) are due to the presence of stone boulders close to the day surface.
It has been established that in cultures of common pine, which were formed on soils with close occurrence of stones to the day surface, the length of the side branches is longer than in cultures that were formed on soils without granite rocks.
Despite the relatively high stock of stem wood in crops created on lands with stones, the marketable structure of pine trees in them is low.
In middle-aged crops on lands with the presence of granite rocks, the growth rate of pine trees and the stock of stem wood depends on the number and nature of the arrangement of stones.
In conditions of timely and moderate thinning in intensity of thinning, it is possible to form highly productive plantations on lands with the presence of stones in the soil.
A study of the mass of needles in trees of plantings of different ages showed the following: for crops at the age of the pole stand, in areas without stones in the soil, there is a significantly larger number of needles.
Іt can be argued that the mass of trunks of pine trees of ordinary forest crops growing in areas with granite rocks in the soil and without them gradually increases with age, and the mass of living branches, on the contrary, decreases. Regarding the hairpins, such a pattern is observed, their mass with the transition of trees from young to medieval decreases, and older trees in crops in areas without
granite rocks in the soil and with the presence of stones in the latter have more hairpins than old trees.
Thinning moderate in intensity in crops in areas with granite rocks in the soil contributes to a greater yield of valuable assortments than in crops of the same age that are created on soils without stones.
Considering the presence in the forestry areas where the studies were conducted, natural highly productive plantations in areas with access to the surface of the earth granite rocks, it can be argued that artificial areas should be created in such areas, subject to high agricultural techniques for the creation and conduct of timely and hightech economic activities throughout the growing period.
