Petrenko Y. Integral biochemical mechanisms of zinc oxide nanoparticles and herbicide glyphosate toxicity

The dissertation provides a theoretical generalization and a new solution to an actual scientific problem, which consists in elucidating the biochemical and morphological mechanisms of the integral effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles and herbicide glyphosate toxicity and assessing the general health risks associated with the simultaneous introduction of nanomaterials and chemicals into the body. The toxicological mechanisms of the synergistic effects of ZnO nanoparticles and glyphosate when they are administered to animals were revealed. ZnO nanoparticles have been shown to enhance the hepatotoxic effect of glyphosate, which may be due to the potentiation of glyphosate's ability to induce oxidative stress. It was shown that zinc oxide nanoparticles increase the negative effect of glyphosate on the nitric oxide synthesis system. ZnO nanoparticles have been shown to exacerbate the imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines caused by glyphosate. It was demonstrated that ZnO nanoparticles enhance the ability of glyphosate to increase the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, the number of cells with reduced mitochondrial transmembrane potential, as well as apoptically and necrotically altered blood neutrophils. It was established that ZnO nanoparticles potentiate the negative effect of the chemical toxicant glyphosate on the endoplasmic system of biotransformation of foreign substances. It was shown that the introduction of zinc oxide nanoparticles into experimental animals in combination with the herbicide glyphosate leads to more pronounced structural pathological changes in the tissues of the liver, kidneys, and spleen compared to those caused by the chemical toxicant alone.