Siabro A. Influence of Proоxidant-Antioxidant Homeostasis on the Formation of Reproductive Capacity of Pigs and Ways of Correction

Pig breeding production on an industrial basis involves the creation of effective means of increasing the reproductive capacity of pigs, which is significantly reduced under the influence of technological stresses and is accompanied by deep metabolic transformations, in this case, the prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in their body is the most sensitive to changes. Discovering the peculiarities and regularities of the formation of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in pigs and developing methods of its correction can be the basis for creating methods aimed at regulating the growth and development of animals, and therefore are of theoretical and practical importance. The thesis is devoted to the theoretical generalization and experimental substantiation of the influence of mineral nutrition correction on the formation of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis, biochemical and mineral composition in blood and semen of breeding boars, as well as the correlation of these indicators with the functional activity of spermatozoa. The peculiarities of peroxidation intensity in the blood of gilts and sows, depending on the physiological state, under the additional consumption of copper in the form of copper citrate of nanotechnological origin, separately and in combination with the homogenate of drone larvae, are studied. Experiments on the thesis were conducted during 2019–2023 in Plemservis PJSC and the Laboratory of Feeding, Physiology and Animal Health of the Institute of Pig Breeding and Agro-Industrial Production of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, at the Department of Technology of Livestock Production of Poltava State Agrarian University. Copper citrate of nanotechnological origin, manufactured in Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies Ltd. was used to correct the mineral nutrition of pigs by means of copper. The studies aimed to find out the peculiarities of the formation of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in pigs and to develop the latest ways to increase their reproduction by applying biologically active substances of different nature. The following tasks were set to achieve this aim: - to study the morpho-physiological characteristics of spermatozoa and the homeostasis of metabolic indicators in the blood and semen of breeding boars and their correlation with reproductive capacity after copper feeding in the form of copper citrate separately and in combination with the homogenate of drone larvae; - to identify the peculiarities of influence on physiological state and prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in the blood of gilts during puberty and their interrelation with reproductive capacity during copper feeding in the form of copper citrate; - to investigate the physiological state and prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in the blood of sows in correlation with their reproductive capacity during copper feeding in the form of copper citrate separately and in combination with the homogenate of drone larvae; - to analyze the degree of correlation between the level of homeostasis constants in pigs and the indicators of their reproductive capacity; - to scientifically substantiate the effectiveness of using copper in the form of copper citrate separately and in complex with the homogenate of drone larvae when feeding pigs to stimulate their productivity. The object of the research was the state of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in the body of pigs of different sex and age groups under the influence of the physiological state with various ways of correction. To fulfill the tasks, scientific and economic experiments were carried out in four stages. At the first and second stages of research, the changes in the biochemical composition of blood and the state of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in this tissue of breeding boars and their correlation with physiological and biochemical indicators of ejaculate quality when feeding with different doses of copper in the form of copper citrate separately and in combination with the homogenate of drone larvae were studied. At the third stage, changes in the intensity of peroxidation in the blood of gilts when feeding with different doses of copper in the form of copper citrate during puberty and their correlation with subsequent reproductive capacity were determined. At the fourth stage, changes in the state of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in the blood of sows when feeding with a complex feed additive during the pregnancy period and the correlation of this state with the reproductive capacity of these animals were analyzed.