Mykhnovetska I. Formation of relationships in older preschoolers with Down syndrome

In the manuscript, the author theoretically and subsequently practically investigates the formation of relationships between older preschoolers with Down syndrome. The information had been analyzed in detail the importance of childhood and the relationships that preschoolers have. In research autor substantiates philosophical, sociological, pedagogical and psychological approaches to the study of relationships. Different points of view were shown for the formation of relationships in accordance with scientific concepts of a specific science, as well as the need for further study of relationships as a multifunctional, polymorphic and interdisciplinary problem. Children with Down Syndrome have features of psychosocial development that had been emphasized by the author in the theoretical part of the study. Researcher also created an algorithm for forming relationships, which consisted of three functional components: interaction, relationships and relationships that are directly related to each other and are an integral part of each other. In the practical part of the study, two components of the relationship were identified: intrasubject and intersubject. The intrasubjective component includes the set-motivational and cognitive-affective criteria; intersubjective includes the connective and dispositive. Each criterion has its own indicators, on the basis of which research methods were selected and adapted. As a result, the method of correction of emotional reactions to failure in children with intellectual disability according to N. Belopolsky (play and volitional task) was used to study social attitudes and motivation; for mental and emotional development – methods of observation of different aspects of the child's behavior (L. Regush), individual psychological and pedagogical examination (A. Muller), correction of emotional reactions to failure in children with intellectual disability according to N. Belopolsky (intellectual task) assessing the level of social development of children with intellectual disability according to the parameters of social competence of normally developing preschool children (A. Zakripina); for the study of apathy, suggestiveness, aggressiveness, passivity, adequacy and positivism - test - questionnaire of parental attitude A. Vargoy and V. Stolin; to determine social status - the method "Secret" by J. Kolominsky. The result was a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the results obtained. The multifunctional statistical criterion φ⃰ - Fisher angular transformation and Spearman rank correlation method were used to reveal the significance of the obtained results. In the research process were taken into account not only the degree of mental retardation in pre-school age with Down Syndrom, but the presence or absence of associated abnormalities in the form of hearing and vision, as well as gender identity. As a result, on the basis of the results obtained in summative experiment has developed the relationship formation program of the senior preschool Down Syndrome children, which consisted of 20 lessons. It was also determined the level of relationship the senior preschool Down Syndrome children. The experiment results had showed the positive results of the implementation of the programme of developing relationships and the influence of concomitant disorders and gender on the formation of tavsan. The author had been analysed the conditions of forming relationships and developed recommendations on the formation of relationships for parents and teachers, working with preschool Down Syndrom children. Scientific novelty and theoretical significance of the research lies in the fact that was first obtained scientific data about the peculiarities of the psychosocial development of children of senior preschool age with Down Syndrome and defined the levels of formation of relationships among children with Down Syndrome, etc.; deepened and clarified: indicators of development of relationships in children with Down Syndrome, etc.; further development of the acquired scientific knowledge about the nature of concepts "interaction with the closest social environment of children with down syndrome" and "the relationship of preschool children with down syndrome", etc. Practical significance of the obtained results lies in the fact that: the developed correction developmental program for the formation of relationships among children of preschool age with Down Syndrome; the results of the study can be used by teachers and specialists special pre-school educational institutions and in the system of training and retraining of defectologists (theacher of the deaf and hard of hearing, specialist on mental defects, typhlopedagogy), speech therapists, practical psychologists; research materials useful for the further improvement of educational work with children with down syndrome.