Zulfugarov I. Differential diagnosis of jaundice syndrome and its treatment in surgical patients (clinical experimental study)

Dissertation for obtaining the scientific degree of Doctor of Philosophy The thesis is devoted to improving the results of treatment of the most severe category of surgical patients suffering with jaundice caused by acute pancreatitis (AP) and Mirizzi’s syndrome, as a difficult problem in diagnosis, choice of tactics and scope of surgical intervention. The causes of unsatisfactory results in the treatment of patients with jaundice syndrome caused by AP and Mirizzi’s syndrome were analyzed and clarified according to the literature and clinical data. The experiment substantiates the need for early restoration of the bile ducts with the obligatory elimination of the cause of the block. The tactics of treating patients with AP are substantiatedon the basis of a morphological study of the liver, depending on the characteristics of jaundice, methods of restoring the physiological bile duct in patients with various types of Mirizzi’s syndrome are substantiated. The object of the study is jaundice in patients with AP and Mirizzi’s syndrome. The subject of our study is the indicators of the function and histological structure of the liver in obstructive and parenchymal jaundice, the morphological features of the wall of the choledochus and gallbladder. Clinical, laboratory, morphological and statistical methods were used during the course of the study. In this work, for the first time in the experiment, the morphology of the common bile duct and liver was studied in dynamics with a preserved block of the bile duct and a partially restored passage of bile, which became the rationale for the need for early and complete restoration of the bile duct. The scientific data on the morphology and function of the liver with a partial violation of the passage of bile has been supplemented. In the experiment, the histological structure of the wall of the choledochus was clarified in the case of partial and complete restoration of the passage of bile. The morphological substantiation of the method of differential diagnosis of mechanical and parenchymal jaundice with the use of ultrasound was further developed. For the first time, differential diagnostic criteria were proposed, which were established in the process of ultrasound diagnostics of parenchymal and obstructive jaundice in patients with AP. The scientific data on methods of surgical intervention aimed at maintaining the physiological passage of bile in patients with the second type of Mirizzi’s syndrome has been supplemented. A non-invasive method for the differential diagnosis of parenchymal and obstructive jaundice has been proposed for use in practical healthcare (Ukrainian patent for a utility model No. 134089). Ultrasonic criteria are proposed for restoring the physiological passage of bile in patients with Mirizzi’s syndrome of types I and II due to laparoscopic management of cholecystoenteric fistula and plastics of the choledochal wall during open laparotomy. The work is clinical and experimental in its nature. In order to study the function and histological structure of the liver, as well as the structure of the wall of the choledochus, a model of recovery of the bile duct after complete obstruction of the choledochus was formed. The animals were withdrawn from the experiment after 3, 7, 14, 21 and 35 days. The clinical section of the work is based on the results of treatment of 114 urgent patients with jaundice syndrome and abdominal pain, of which 52 (45%) patients had AP as the cause of pain, 42 (38.8%) had pathology of the gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract, and 20 (17.2%) of patients with pain associated with various liver pathologies.