The dissertation is devoted to the development of criminological principles of combating criminal radicalism in penal institutions on the basis of its comprehensive criminological characteristics, description and explanation of the state, features of the deterministic complex, directions and measures of obstruction. The essence of radicalism is defined and the concept of radicalism is formed as a social practice of separation and opposition, which comes from the denial of the existing order (legal, political, economic, moral, etc.) and the attitude to change the foundations of social coexistence, which is realized through conditionally intensive activity in the construction of an alternative order and its active existence or symbolic ontologization (a narrow vision of radicalism); as an anthropologically permanent manifestation of the struggle against social entropy due to dissatisfaction with culture, the phenomenon of purposeful, provoked and constructed release of social energy in the direction of significant changes (removal) of culture on the basis of predetermined (establishment) thinking (broad vision of radicalism). In the individual dimension, radicalism is proposed to be understood as an act of dialogic existence in a socially-rebellious form, which is experienced in a personal attitude to struggle, manifested in a contextually conditioned, manifesting maximum concentration of the will to change this very context and realize the project of one's future.
A classification of radicalism was carried out, a description and explanation of its types was provided. According to the dominant existence (criminological-existential approach), 9 of its types are distinguished and characterized: self-actualizing, megalothymic, isothymic, solidarizing, thanatophobic, resentful, free-centered, free-eliminating, and playful.
Depending on the attitude dominant in the radical act, essential (actionist) and appropriating (expansionist) radicalism is distinguished and characterized. Depending on the degree of rationality, the motivation for radical actions is rational-ideological and neurotic. According to the criterion of time orientation – retrograde (reactionary, conservative) and futuro-radicalism. Depending on the socio-role orientation and functional affiliation of the radical in the system of social activity – socially parasitic and socially dominant. According to the criterion of that ideology, which is the basis of the justification of radical actions, the corresponding goal setting – radicalism is religious, secular-political, common, criminal-subcultural.
The phenomenon of criminal radicalism in penal institutions is characterized. Two functional blocks of criminal radicalism among prisoners are singled out: 1) endogenous, aimed at changing the communicative parameters of the convicts' environment (during 2016–2022, 8 intentional murders, 22 intentional grievous bodily harms, 51 cases of establishing or spreading criminal influence were registered); 2) exogenous, directed against the administration of penal institutions (Articles 147, 258, 294, 342, 345, 348, 349, 391, 392 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine); manifestations of exogenous criminal radicalism account for 22,5 % of the total number of registered cases of malicious disobedience (Article 391 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), 50 % of threats or violence against law enforcement officers (Page 345 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) and resistance (Article 342 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), 100 % – the rest of the categories.
It has been established that about 80 % of intentional murders among convicts are committed with the use of cold weapons or objects specially adapted for inflicting bodily harm; 20 % – due to the task of numerous blows with hands and feet (more than 95 % of such cases are group beatings); 95,6 % – on working days; 88.5% – in residential zones, 8 % – in industrial zones, 3.5 % – in punishment rooms for prisoners; 9 out of 10 criminals were on preventive records as malicious violators of the regime in correctional colonies. Improved criminological understanding of the nature of riots in correctional colonies, which are characterized by increased social danger, the ability not only to destabilize the situation in the institution of execution of punishments, but also the socio-political situation in the region of the state or in the entire country; in 6 years (2016–2021), 23 riots of varying scale and intensity were registered (at least 3 more riots occurred in 2022).
It has been established that radicalism among the staff of penal institutions has criminal-legal limits determined by the composition of criminal offenses provided for in Art. Art. 115, 121, 122, 127, 365 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which are committed in the service and in relation to prisoners.
