The dissertation is devoted to the study of the processes of growth and
development of potato plants, the formation of high yields, increasing the
multiplication factor and seed yield by optimizing the fertilizer system and the size
of the fraction of planting material of different varietal composition.
The growth of vegetative mass of plants, increase of leaf surface area,
photosynthetic potential of sowing, net productivity, number of stems, yield and
seed productivity of potatoes depending on the studied factors were investigated.
The correlations between these parameters and yield were determined.
The dissertation proposes a solution to an important scientific problem -
increasing the yield of the seed fraction of potatoes by applying optimal
technological methods of cultivation.
The importance of the variety in realizing the potential of potato yields, taking
Into account its adaptive capacity (resistance to unfavorable abiotic and biotic6
conditions) is outlined. Attention is drawn to the complex of harmful organisms,
which, if their number increases, significantly reduce the yield, which necessitates
an integrated plant protection system. The essence of such a system aimed at
combating pathogens is the integrated use of agrotechnical, chemical, biological,
organizational and economic methods of controlling numerous potato parasites,
including the introduction of new varieties and technologies for growing this crop.
The edaphic and climatic conditions of the research are analyzed, the
influence of the hydrothermal regime on the processes of growth and development
of potato plants is traced. Both favorable and less favorable years for cultivation
under hydrothermal regime were identified and characterized.
Optimal technological methods of seed potato cultivation, which provide
maximum linear growth, number of stems and tubers, are proposed.
Under the condition of local application of fertilizers in a dose of N45P45K45
against the background of phosphorus-potassium fertilization and the effect of
semi-rotted manure, the highest growths in plant height were obtained in the
varieties Lapperla, Granada and Memphis. In the same variant, the highest number
of stems (from 4.2 to 4.8 pcs.) and tubers (from 9.0 to 9.5 pcs.) was observed in the
Granada variety due to an increase in the fraction of planting material.
The growth of aboveground vegetative mass of plants, area and leaf surface
index, net productivity of photosynthesis and photosynthetic potential depending
on the studied technological methods of cultivation were investigated.
Regardless of varietal characteristics, the intensification of cultivation
technology increased the leaf surface area. The largest leaf surface area was
observed in the variety Granada, due to the introduction of mineral fertilizers in a
dose of N45P45K45 against the background of the aftereffect of semi-rotted manure
and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer according to the results of the research. At the
same time, the leaf surface area due to an increase in the fraction of planting
material changed from 11.7 to 12.9 on the 10th day after the emergence of full
shoots, from 20.4 to 21.8 in the budding phase, and from 25.9 to 27.2 m² in the full
flowering phase.7
Highly strong correlations between leaf area and yield of potato tubers in
three varieties were observed: LaPerla (r=0.96) - with a determination coefficient
of R2 = 93%, Granada (r=0.94) - with a determination coefficient of R2 = 88.8%,
Memphis (r=0.9) - with a determination coefficient of R2 = 81.0%. This indicates a
direct dependence of the influence of the leaf area of plants on the level of potato
yield.
Higher indices of the elements of the structure of the potato crop were found
when a lower dose of N45P45K45 was applied locally compared to a higher dose of
N60P60K60 in a scattered manner. That is, under the condition of local application,
fertilizers are placed at a certain soil depth with a better moisture regime, forming a
zone with an increased concentration of nutrients that are more fully utilized by
plants during the growing season.
The best variant in terms of marketable potato yield was observed with local
application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N45P45K45 against the background of
semi-rotted manure and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer with a fraction of planting
tubers ˃ 60 mm: 41.1 t/ha in the Granada variety, and 39.6 t/ha with a fraction of
planting tubers 28-60 mm in the same variety. The difference in consumption of
planting material between these variants was 1.85 t/ha, which is 0.35 t/ha higher
compared to the increase in yield when planting tubers with a diameter of ˃ 60
mm. Similar results were obtained in the varieties LaPerla and Memphis.
The results of studies of the influence of technological methods of cultivation
on the seed productivity of potatoes: the proportion of seed fraction yield,
multiplication coefficient.
