Soy is an important crop in global agricultural production because it is a valuable source of vegetable protein, which is close in its chemical composition to animal protein. It is also one of the sources of fats and the main component of modern crop rotation. Currently, the most accessible and cheapest means of increasing agricultural production is a variety that fulfills the potential of crops by 30–60%. Modern varieties are quite picky about nutrition conditions. Thus, thanks to a complex approach to this issue, they can form the highest level of harvest. Therefore, not only the provision of plants with macronutrients but also micronutrients should be considered especially carefully. Considering the trends of global climate change, the complex use of fertilizers for foliar application, which contain additional substances necessary for increasing the tolerance of plants to stressful conditions, is important and relevant. For the first time, the peculiarities of the formation of the performance of modern foreign and domestic selection soybean varieties, the search for a rational fertilization system by establishing the optimal norms of mineral fertilizers, and the application of foliar fertilizing systems proposed by foreign and domestic producers in the northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine have been established. Soybean cultivation technology has been optimized for the conditions of the northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The issue of the influence of weather conditions on the growth and development of crops, indicators of crop structure, yield capacity, and quality of soybeans have gained further development. The economic and energy efficiency of applying different rates of fertilizers and foliar application for soybean cultivation have been substantiated. The practical significance of the obtained results. The main elements of the research went through the production verification and were implemented on the farms of the Sumy and Poltava regions, in particular, in FE (farm enterprise) “Timchenko” and LLC “Ugroyid Sugar Factory” on a total area of 110 hectares.
The thesis presents the results of research and theoretical justification for improving the elements of soybean cultivation technology: the study of varietal characteristics, the influence of different rates of mineral fertilizers and foliar application on the growth and development of soybean plants, the formation of the photosynthetic and symbiotic apparatus, plant productivity, and yield and its quality. Domestic and foreign scientific works on the importance of the crop on the world market and the issues of soybean cultivation in the world, Ukraine, and the Sumy region were analyzed. They show a positive trend towards an increase in cultivated areas and crop yield capacities over the last decade. The modern assortment of soybean varieties the main aspects regarding the peculiarities of its nutrition, and the availability of the main nutrients in its life cycle have been studied. At the same time, a review of the literature of scientists from different agroclimatic zones is given, regarding the influence of different rates of mineral fertilizers, the expediency of using micro fertilizers on a chelate basis for the foliar application on the growth processes of soybean plants, symbiotic activity, productivity, and yield and its quality.
