Abdel S. Improvement of oil processing technology taking into account its electrophysical properties

One of the ways to implement the above-mentioned strategy in practice, which does not require significant capital investments and significant re-equipment of existing production, is the introduction of automatic systems for controlling the quality of oil and products obtained at various stages of technological processes of its processing at enterprises of the oil refining industry of Ukraine. The main oil refining process aimed at obtaining a wide range of fuels and lubricants today is primary processing, which allows obtaining distillate and residual fractions, which are the basis for the production of commercial fuels and lubricants. The system of global monitoring and correction (SGMC) of the technological process will allow to significantly increase the efficiency of the operation of primary oil processing units, with the aim of obtaining high-quality fuel. Such a system should cover all technological areas of primary oil processing plants (oil preparation, fractionation and compounding of the obtained products) and be based on taking into account the electrophysical properties of oil and its processing products, expressed by the relative dielectric constant ε. The ε indicator has a number of positive points, which include: ease of use, suitability for determining the quality of oil and its processing products in the stream, and sensitivity to the group chemical and fractional composition and various types of polluting impurities found in oil. The industrial implementation at primary oil processing units of SGMC, based on the measurement of relative dielectric constant (ε), allows to increase the flexibility and efficiency of the technological process of production of petroleum products, which in terms of quality meet the modern requirements of current standards. The effect on the value of the parameter ε of oil, gas condensate and their processing products - distillate and residual fractions (fuel oil), group chemical composition is substantiated. It is proposed to evaluate the degree of readiness of oil/gas condensate by the indicator of readiness of oil (PPN), which is defined as PPN = f(ε). Algorithms have been developed on the basis of the theoretical studies that allow to improve the process of primary processing of petroleum raw materials through the implementation of a system of operational control of the technological process based on the value of the relative dielectric constant of raw materials and products of its processing. It is proposed to use the average value of the relative dielectric constant ε of petroleum raw materials to create a new, alternative to the existing, classification. A hypothesis was put forward to use as a classification feature the type of oil raw material and the direction of its technological processing, to use the forecasting criterion (CP), which includes the determination of the parameter ε and additionally the kinematic viscosity and cokingness according to Konradson. It was established that the ε indicator significantly depends on the group chemical composition (type) of petroleum raw materials and varies in the range of values from 2.05 to 2.94. At the same time, for raw materials of the aromatic type (A), its average value is 2.90; for naphthenic raw materials (N) – 2.62; for raw materials of the paraffin (P) type - 2.28. It was established that with an increase in the content of water with chloride salts dissolved in it, there is an increase (for example, for oil, with a content of 1% of water with 100 mg/dm3 of NaCl, this increase is 0.2; with a content of 1% of water with 300 mg/dm3 of NaCl - this increase is 0.3; with a water content of 1% from 900 mg/dm3 of NaCl - this increase is 0.43) of the value of the ε index of petroleum raw materials. It has been experimentally confirmed that, depending on the CP values, oil can be classified as follows: with CP < 1.50, the raw material belongs to type 0; at 1.50 ≤ KP < 5.50, the raw material belongs to type 1, 2; when 1.50 ≤ CP < 11.00, the raw material belongs to type 3; with KP > 11.00, the raw material belongs to type 4. The construction of a two-section sensor has been developed, with the use of which, a stable measurement result of the indicator ε of the oil raw material in the flow is achieved by the mounting scheme of the sensor (on the outlet pipe with shut-off fittings and coupling connections), which is able to prevent the formation of a turbulent (Re > 2300) mode of movement of the oil raw material through sensor. On the basis of the conducted studies, in order to implement operational control of the technological process at all sections of the primary oil processing plant, the acquirer proposed the use of the global monitoring and correction system (SGMC).