Korol K. Ecological monitoring of landfills of the tourist and recreational complex of the Lviv region

The dissertation is devoted to the environmental monitoring of landfills in the tourist and recreational complex of Lviv region, taking into account the specifics of the tourist region. The thesis provides a classification of waste, its origin and properties, and analyses to determine optimal waste management strategies in a tourist region. The physical and chemical properties of landfill substrates and their impact on the environment are analysed It was found that landfills lead to soil, air and water pollution. The studied landfills contain a large amount of food waste and paper, which indicates an inefficient waste sorting and recycling system. Problems with recycling of metal waste, glass, and polymers were identified. The study proves the need to implement waste management strategies aimed at reducing the amount of waste generated and its efficient recycling. Improving the environmental situation requires improving the sorting and recycling system, supporting conscious consumption and introducing innovative waste management technologies. The thesis is aimed at making a positive contribution to the development of environmental awareness and sustainable tourism in the region, and can also serve as a basis for further research on waste accumulation facilities in tourist and recreational complexes. During the analysis of the physical properties of the substrates, the highest level of humidity (25%) was observed at a depth of 5 cm, which is caused by the influence of precipitation and high moisture retention capacity. In the horizon at a depth of 10 cm, the moisture content decreased, and in the horizon of 15 cm, significant soil dryness was observed. The level of organic matter and trace elements was also higher. The decrease in their concentrations at a depth of 10 and 15 cm is associated with the activity of microorganisms and the course of biological processes. The intensity of growth and development of experimental test cultures, which indicated the toxicity of the landfill neo-relief. The highest dynamics of germination was observed in samples from the northern and southern areas. The lowest dynamics of growth and development of test crops was recorded in the eastern and western areas, which is associated with a higher level of soil contamination. Significant contamination with heavy metal ions of the root systems of the trees of the studied landfills was found: Pb ions - Acer negundo L, Populus nigra L., on the southern side - Fagus sylvatica L., Malus sylvestris Mill., on the western side - Salix cinerea L., Carpinus betulus L., on the northern side - Malus sylvestris Mill, Prunus spinosa L., in the central part - Populus nigra L, Salix alba L. The content of Cd ions exceeds the norms on the southern side in Fagus sylvatica L., Malus sylvestris Mill, on the western side in Carpinus betulus L., in the central part - Salix alba L., on the southern side - Malus sylvestris Mill, on the eastern side in Acer negundo L., Populus nigra L. The content of Co ions exceeded the standard on the western side in Salix cinerea L., on the western side in Carpinus betulus L., on the southern side in Malus sylvestris Mill. and on the eastern side in Populus nigra L. Plants at landfills show physiological resistance to environmental conditions, in particular, they are more adapted to the effects of toxic substances and high concentrations of dissolved salts. This affects their biometric parameters. The height of plants at the Bronitske landfill was 2 times lower than in the control group. Plots that were exposed to direct sunlight had higher values of plant growth, photosynthesis rate and root development compared to other areas that were exposed to photolysis. The plots that were shaded by taller vegetation showed lower values of physiological parameters. The analysis of the landfill vegetation cover available at the time of the study showed a differentiation in the phytomelioration efficiency coefficients (KFM). The territory of the landfill has phytomelioration potential for further reclamation work to reduce the negative impact on the environment. The physical and chemical parameters of snow at landfills analysed in the laboratory indicate that atmospheric precipitation is contaminated with harmful pollutants. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to ensure effective waste management and reduce the negative environmental impact of landfills. This is especially true for areas with tourist and recreational infrastructu