Kovtun T. Clinical and experimental substantiation of immobilization of teeth in case of their dislocation in children

The dissertation presents a theoretical justification and a practical solution to the topical problem of dentistry and maxillofacial surgery - increasing the effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation of children with incomplete dislocations of permanent teeth by developing an algorithm for positioning the immobilization system using CAD/CAM technologies. According to the literature, traumatic injuries of teeth are the most common lesions of hard tissues of non-carious origin in children of various ages. Globally, the prevalence of traumatic injuries to temporary and permanent teeth is 22% and 15%, respectively. The prevalence and incidence of traumatic dental injuries in the world in general are high, so in many countries they are recognized as health problems at the state level. Dental injuries have physical, social and economic consequences, because they can disrupt the functions of chewing, pronunciation, aesthetics, and the child's self-confidence. There is no trend towards a decrease in the number of traumatic dental injuries. Accidental falls, traffic accidents and various sports activities are the main causes of traumatic dental injuries in children all over the world. The most compromised teeth in terms of trauma are both temporary and permanent incisors of the upper jaw due to their location in the frontal part of the dental arch. Different types of dislocations account for 15% to 61% of external dental injuries in permanent teeth with a peak at 8–12 years. Dislocation traditionally appears due to displacement of one or more teeth lingual, less often buccal or laterally. In order of increasing severity, tooth dislocation can be described as follows: subluxation, extrusion, lateral dislocation, intrusion. The most widely used is the WHO classification, which is based on the work of Andreasen JO. (1935-2020). Treatment of traumatic injuries to permanent teeth in children is aimed at providing emergency dental care and minimizing the unwanted consequences of trauma. The success of the treatment of a tooth injury depends on the timely application of the patient, the speed of establishment and accuracy of the diagnosis, and the correctness of the dentist's actions. Depending on the type and degree of damage, various methods of work are used for the treatment of teeth, regardless of the point of view, in addition to the injured tooth; supporting structures (periodontium and alveolar bone) are involved. Dislocation requires a temporary reposition of the tooth in order to achieve its correct position in the dental arch and avoid undesirable complications for the pulp.