Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in specialty 133
Industrial Engineering (13 Mechanical Engineering) – Vinnytsia National Agrarian
University, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Vinnytsia – 2024.
The purpose of the work is to increase the efficiency of the process of sowing
seed material of small-seeded crops by improving the design of the seeding device of
the selection seeder with justified structural and technological parameters that ensure
accurate sowing.
The object of the study is the technological process of interaction of the
working body of the sowing apparatus of the improved selection planter with the seed
material of small-seeded crops.
The subject of research is the dependence of indicators of sowing quality,
productivity and energy costs on the structural and technological parameters of the
sowing apparatus of the improved selection seeder in accordance with the
technological requirements and physical and mechanical properties of the seed
material of small-seeded crops.
Research methods. The theoretical research will be based on the methods of
numerical modeling using the basic principles of the theories of classical mechanics,
gas dynamics, vibration, probability, elasticity, models of discrete elements,
multiphase interaction, and Lagrangian multiphase. At the same time, the methods of
differential and integral calculus will be applied.
Experimental research will be conducted using the mathematical method of
experiment planning, methods of field observations and expert evaluations, and the
processing and analysis of the results of experimental research will be carried out
using probability theory, correlation-regression analysis.
Modeling and processing of research results will be carried out using STARCCM+ and Wolfram Cloud software packages.
The paper solves the scientific problem of increasing the efficiency of the
process of sowing seed material of small-seeded crops by improving the design of the
sowing apparatus of the selection seeder with justified structural and technological
parameters that ensure accurate sowing.
Analysis of the operation of the «Klen» electromechanical seeding system
made it possible to form the main ways of its improvement: it is necessary to improve
the working body of the seeding device to ensure the accuracy of sowing smallseeded crops at the level of 95,0%; for sowing the plots of pre-basic seed production,
it is necessary to ensure automatic loading of seeds of various varieties to the sowing
device; the sowing system in the areas of pre-basic seed production needs to be
improved, taking into account GPS-tracking; the elements of the sowing system
should be modular for easy replacement when they fail. The main directions of
research were formed: theoretical (based on numerical modeling, using the method of
discrete elements); laboratory-experimental (on the basis of a developed and created
stand with a moving field and a high-speed video camera for fixing the position of
seeds); experimental field method (in production conditions at experimental sites).
The conceptual structural and technological scheme of the seeding apparatus of the
small-seeded selection planter is substantiated, which allows to fully automate the
process of sowing the plots of pre-basic seed production almost without the
participation of the breeder, ensuring high accuracy of sowing.
The use of improved seeding devices as part of the basic mounted seed drill for
vegetable and small-seeded crops «Klen-4,2» during the sowing of elite winter
mustard seeds makes it possible to obtain a specific annual economic effect in the
amount of 2,920 UAH/ha compared to basic seeding devices due to the increase yield
by 4,0%. It was determined that the payback period of additional capital investments
when improving 6 seeding devices on the sowing area of 300 hectares of elite
mustard seeds is 0,27 years, i.e. for the first season..
Keywords: unit, sowing machine, test, loose material, efficiency, sowing, soil,
productivity, working body, productivity, numerical simulation, quality, accuracy of
sowing, simulation, seeds
