Kin D. O. Improvement of methods of geodetic and cartometric calculations in the geoinformation environment – Qualification scientific work on the rights of the manuscript.
Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) on speciality 193 – «Geodesy and Land Management» (19 «Architecture and Construction»). – Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Kyiv. – Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, MES, Kyiv, 2024.
The dissertation is devoted to solving the scientific and applied problem of improving the accuracy of analytical and numerical methods of cartometric and geodetic computations in geographic information systems.
As computer and geoinformation technologies develop, users are increasingly using digital models of geospatial objects for design, research, geospatial analysis and forecasting. Until now, all cartometric and morphometric characteristics of objects were determined on an analogue map using graphical and instrumental methods. Their maximum accuracy was 0.1 mm or more.
To determine the length or area of territories that occupied more than two topographic map sheets, preparatory work had to be provided, which meant additional resources and costs. It should also be noted that all calculations were performed using approximate numerical methods, and ready-made tables and reference books were used to simplify them, which ensured a maximum accuracy of at least 1 mm. To solve the main geodetic problems, depending on the length of the line between the points, different surfaces of the mathematical model of the Earth (Cartesian coordinate system, projections, sphere, ellipsoid, etc.) were used, which affected the representation of this line (line, chord, geodetic line, etc.) and the methods of solving geodetic problems.
A universal solution to the main geodetic problems existed, but it required a sufficient number of iterations and the decomposition of the binomial series into terms of the 6th order and higher. Without the use of computer technology, this is 7 possible, but a very labour-intensive process that is not effective in real-world production.
The current level of geoinformation technologies allows to determine the lengths and areas of objects with sufficient speed, regardless of their size, to convert and transform coordinates into different dates and coordinate systems. The question of the accuracy of these operations and the use of mathematical models of the Earth remains open, which is the problematic issue of this dissertation.
Improving the efficiency of territory management, and maintaining state cadastres, in particular the State Land Cadastre, the State Water Cadastre and the State Forest Cadastre, requires geographic information systems to provide accurate and reliable geospatial data, determine cartometric and morphometric characteristics of geospatial objects with the necessary and sufficient accuracy.
To study and investigate the accuracy of geodetic and cartometric operations, the development of methods for determining metric characteristics on maps was analysed and systematised. The determined indices of rigour of calculation methods characterise the stages of this development and reflect the processes of reducing labour intensity and increasing the accuracy of calculations since these parameters are among the main ones in the latest research in this area.
To unify and systematise operations, a register of geodetic, cartometric and morphometric calculations was created following the requirements of ISO 19127:2019 Geographic information - Geodetic codes and parameters, as well as the relevant passports for operations and their methods. This makes it possible to implement the functions of these calculations in any geographic information system and any geographic information system and database management system.
Due to insufficient documentation of standard tools in geographic information systems or the absence of such specifications, a methodology was developed to determine the capabilities of standard GIS tools, which allowed us to establish how and with what models geodetic and cartographic operations are performed in commercial and open-licensed GIS. One of the main results of this study is the creation of reference models that were compared with the empirical one, which 8 led to the conclusion that geographic information systems practically do not contain functionality for calculations on the reference ellipsoid, except for some functions of QGIS.
Based on the analysed recent studies, the Karney method was considered in detail, which substantiated and implemented the use of the extended Kruger series for solving the main geodetic problems on the reference ellipsoid. His method formed the basis of the cartometric and geodetic operations implemented in this thesis.
