Romanov S. FORMATION OF PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER PEAS ON THE ELEMENTS OF GROWING TECHNOLOGY IN THE STEPPE AND FOREST-STEPE OF UKRAINE

The dissertation provides a theoretical and practical solution to the scientific and production task, which consisted in the scientific justification and practical solution of the improvement and combination of elements of the technology of growing winter peas in relation to the development, growth and formation of high yield of the crop depending on the biological characteristics of the varieties, the norms of sowing seeds and the system fertilization and feeding in the conditions of the steppe and forest-steppe. The goal is a comprehensive study of scientific and practical principles regarding the formation of structural productivity indicators of modern varieties of winter peas, their adaptive properties and competitiveness in the conditions of the Steppe and Forest Steppe of Ukraine, and the development of optimal elements of culture cultivation technology on this basis. Tasks of research: - to investigate the peculiarities of the growth and development processes of winter peas under different rates of seed sowing, the use of biological preparations and the fertilization system in the conditions of the Steppe and Forest Steppe of Ukraine; - determine the dependence of the main phenological, biometric, structural-morphological and adaptive indicators of winter peas on the seed sowing rate; - to justify the parameters of the elements of the growing technology, which lead to a more complete realization of the biological potential of the grain productivity of the investigated varieties of winter peas; - to find out the influence of the rate of sowing seeds, the use of biological preparations and the fertilization system on the yield of winter pea grain and its quality indicators; - to substantiate the economic and energy efficiency of growing pea varieties according to the norms of seed sowing, the use of biological preparations and the fertilization system. The scientific novelty of the obtained results consisted in the justification of the complex application of elements of the technology of growing modern varieties of winter peas and the establishment of regularities in the formation of crop productivity in the steppe and forest-steppe of Ukraine. For the first time, the agrotechnological aspects of the formation of the productivity of winter pea varieties in the Steppe and Forest-Steppe zones with the complex use of biological preparations, the fertilization system and the norms of seed sowing have been scientifically substantiated. The optimal use of biological preparations in combination with the introduction of fertilizers and the rate of sowing of winter pea seeds in zones of unstable moisture has been improved. The issue of identifying the influence of the use of biological preparations, the fertilization system, and seed sowing rates on the timing of the stages of winter pea organogenesis, plant growth and development, the formation of crop yield and grain quality, and the expediency of its cultivation in the steppe and forest-steppe zones has gained further development. The object of research is the processes of plant growth and development and the formation of structural and quality indicators of winter peas depending on technological factors. The subject of research is winter pea varieties - NS Moroz and Enduro; seed sowing rates, biological preparations and fertilization system The practical significance of the results The complex application of the elements of the technology of growing modern winter pea varieties and the regularity of the formation of crop productivity and grain quality in the Steppe and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine passed a production check and were implemented in the Forest-Steppe zone in the Vinnytsia Region at the Uladovo-Lyulynetsk Research and Breeding Station on an area of 2 ha. in the Steppe zone, Dnipropetrovsk region, AGROMASH CENTER LLC, on an area of 200 hectares, and SFG "DYANA" on an area of 60 hectares. Key words: varieties, seed sowing rates, biological preparations, nutrition schemes