Sokhin P. Increasing the efficiency of the charging infrastructure of electric vehicles

The dissertation is devoted to increasing the energy efficiency and environmental cleanliness of motor vehicles and their charging infrastructure through the development of devices and systems for energy saving and electricity generation using alternative renewable energy sources. The relevance of the dissertation is determined by the need to solve the scientific and practical task of energy saving and the application of energy-efficient technologies on electric road transport and its charging infrastructure. In 2022, the number of electric cars on Ukrainian roads increased by 56%. Therefore, there is an unceasing growth of electric automobile transport, both in Ukraine and throughout the world. In 2023, global sales of electric vehicles will increase by 31%. In 2024, global growth in electric vehicle sales is expected to reach 25% to 30%. And such dynamics of growth in the number of electric motor vehicles will be observed for at least the next decade. The lack of effective methods of increasing the energy efficiency and environmental cleanliness of vehicles and their charging infrastructure slows down the transition to the latest energy-efficient mode of transport, which is completely environmentally friendly, does not produce polluting emissions into the environment, and contributes to the stable and sustainable operation of the power system in the event of various types of emergencies. situations, such as emergency shutdowns, damage to its elements and blackouts. Based on the conducted theoretical and experimental studies, a new approach is proposed to solve the scientific and practical task of energy saving and the application of energy-efficient technologies on electric motor transport and its charging infrastructure by integrating renewable autonomous power sources into the electrical system and effectively distributing the power balance in this power system. The analysis of the scientific and technical literature regarding the development trend of modern energy-efficient motor vehicles showed that this type of transport is at the stage of its development and needs both improvement and the development of new solutions and methods that increase its energy efficiency. This is especially relevant for urban vehicles, where the issues of not only its energy efficiency, but also environmental friendliness and the ability to transfer energy back to the power grid are combined. Therefore, this direction is relevant and requires further research. Various designs of the proposed devices and systems of electric energy generation are considered in the work. A design with a rotary-type electric machine and a multiplier was chosen for use as an energy-generating plate on sidewalks and in places with a significant density of human traffic. It is proposed for use on public roads, an artificial road bump with the function of generating electricity, which is intended to limit the speed of motor vehicles and, at the same time, generate electrical energy. The kinematic synthesis of the three-stage multiplier of the energy-generating plate was carried out, which ensured the minimization of the cost of its production. Connecting two stepping motors to the electric machine unit of the energy-generating plate makes it possible to increase the value of the generated electricity, in the forward direction of action, when using helical gears in the multiplier by 47.3%, and with spur gears by 61.7%, in the reverse direction of action - by 54 .5% and 72.3%, respectively. It was determined that one step on the energy-generating plate, on average, provides generation, in the direct direction of action, when using helical gears in the multiplier - 0.74 W of electricity, and with spur gears - 1.07 W of electricity, respectively. A method of active balancing during charge-discharge of a Li-ion battery is proposed, its schematic implementation is given, the design and principle of operation are described. The use of the proposed method allows to simplify the algorithm of the charge-balancing device, to improve its schematic and structural implementation, to increase the reliability and efficiency of its operation, as well as to improve the price-quality ratio of this device. An autonomous power source for electric vehicles and their charging infrastructure has been developed. Two models of implementation of an autonomous power source are proposed - with hybrid and autonomous inverters. A schematic implementation of the proposed models is given. A method and method of active balancing of Li-ion storage batteries during their charge and discharge is proposed, which provides a charge in two stages, both from a common and from an individual source of charging current, and in the second stage, the common source of charging current is turned off