This dissertation addresses and solves the scientific problem of determining the impact of diabetic, chemotoxic, and alcoholic polyneuropathy on the development of pathological changes in the soft periodontal tissues in animals (gums, periodontium), as well as substantiates experimental therapy by using the complex of thiamine, nicotinamide, cobalamin, and ATP. Three experimental models of polyneuropathy were used in this study: paclitaxel-induced, streptozotocin-induced, and ethanol-induced. This study has demonstrated that peripheral polyneuropathies induced by paclitaxel, streptozotocin, and ethanol can lead to the development of pathological changes in the periodontal tissues, in particular, increased catabolism of glycoconjugates in th extracellular matrix of connective tissue, the development of carbonyl-oxidative stress, and a proteinase-inhibitor imbalance. The complex of neurotrophic vitamins cocarboxylase, niacin, cyanocobalamin, and ATP prevents the development of oxidative stress, effectively protects cell membranes from the toxic effects of reactive oxygen species and helps inhibit the processes of lipid peroxidation in rats under conditions of diabetic and chemotoxic polyneuropathy modeling, as evidenced by a significant decrease in diene conjugates, TBA-active products, and Schiff bases in the blood serum under the normalization of the antiradical defense system The administration of cocarboxylase, nicotinamide, cyanocobalamin, and ATP prevents the development of the pathological alterations in periodontal syndrome in these animal models of diabetic, chemotoxic and alcoholic polyneuropathies by preventing the depolymerisation of fucoproteins, as evidenced by a significant decrease in non-protein-bound methylpentose in 1.3 times, 1.4 times and 1.3 times,
and proteoglycans that is confirmed by a significant decrease in the GAG content in periodontal connective tissue in 1.3 times, 2 times, and 2.2 times, respectively. The administration of cocarboxylase, nicotinamide, cyanocobalamin, and ATP following the induction of diabetic, chemotoxic, and alcoholic polyneuropathy reduces carbonyl-oxidative stress in periodontal tissues and restores the proteinase-inhibitor balance. Thus, the use of neurotropic vitamins and ATP presents a promising approach for the metabolic correction of changes in periodontal tissues associated with diabetic, chemotoxic, and alcoholic polyneuropathies. These findings underscore the practical significance of the results obtained in this study.
Key words: gums, periodontium, neuropathy, periodontitis, streptozocin, paclitaxel, ethanol, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzymes, connective tissue, vitamins, rats.
