The dissertation provides a theoretical justification and a new solution to an important scientific and practical task, which consists in the study of the characteristics of the maturation of corn hybrids of different maturity groups and the development of methods for determining the quality of seeds. The solution of the task allows to carry out seeding of corn hybrids on a controlled basis, to optimize the collection of hybrids taking into account their physico-mechanical, biological and physiological indicators, to obtain seed material with a high level of quality and competitiveness.
The relevance of the topic of the dissertation is due to the wide range of domestic hybrids of corn, first of all, the selection of DU IZK NAAS, which belong to different maturity groups and are characterized by different quality. Therefore, the determination of quality should be carried out according to a set of indicators and methods that reflect the ripeness of seed material, its suitability for harvesting, processing and preparation of seeds for sowing. Known researches do not allow to establish the peculiarities of ripening of corn hybrids depending on the maturity group and to determine the quality of their seeds. In this regard, the topic of the dissertation is relevant, and its implementation increases the level of domestic seed production of corn hybrids, contributes to strengthening their competitiveness.
The method of work includes laboratory, field and experimental production experiments with the involvement of hybrids of different maturity groups: early ripe (FAO 150-199), medium early (FAO 200-299), medium ripe (FAO 300-399), medium late (FAO 400-500), which belonged to the selection of the National Academy of Sciences of the Academy of Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences.
As a result of the dissertation work, new regularities of the process of maturing corn hybrids and determining their quality were established. For the first time, indicators of humidity, moisture yield, viability of seeds depending on ripeness, sowing and harvesting, which dynamically characterize the process of ripening and formation of high-quality seed material, were highlighted. A set of additional indicators of the quality of seeds of corn hybrids has been established, which logically characterize their sowing and yield properties and expand the system of control and assessment of seed material.
Methods for determining additional quality indicators of corn hybrid seeds and a methodology for their analysis have been developed. For the first time, corn hybrids were identified, which were distinguished by lower harvesting moisture within the same ripeness group.
The technology of growing, harvesting and processing the seeds of corn hybrids has been improved, depending on their maturity group and the level of sowing suitability according to the indicators of germination and seed content of the main crop.
The system of seed production of corn hybrids and the organization of intra-farm quality control of the seed material on the basis of new indicators and methods of their determination gained further development.
The scientific novelty of the work consists in obtaining new results in the study of the ripening process of corn hybrids. Ripeness phases are distinguished in ripening, which are characterized by various indicators and parameters, in particular, milk-waxy, waxy, full physiological, full technical with grain moisture 45-60%, 32-40%, 22-30%, 14-20%, respectively. Indicators of the phases of seed maturity and quality are theoretically substantiated and identified, the main ones include grain moisture and moisture yield, seed weight and the amount of dry matter in it, germination energy, seed germination and growth strength, and its suitability for sowing. These indicators are closely related to the physiological development of plants and corn seeds, environmental conditions and the technology of growing hybrids.
On the basis of current and additional indicators of the quality of seeds of corn hybrids, a system of intra-farm operational control of the state of seed material has been developed. The system includes various technological operations, quality indicators and methods of their determination, in particular, at the drying stage moisture and thermal injury are determined, at the stages of cleaning, sorting and calibration‒indicators of purity, alignment, fractional composition, mechanical. The system makes it possible to carry out operational control over the quality of seeds, to influence technological operations and to carry out regulation of technological equipment. The system uses the requirements of current regulatory and technical documents‒standards DSTU 2240, DSTU 4138, as well as methodological developments of the National Academy of Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences.
