Brunetkin V. Increasing processing of organic waste of arbitrary composition due to automatic control of raw material supply

The dissertation work is devoted to improving the productivity and competitiveness of the automated control system of the thermal destruction installation for the processing of organic waste of arbitrary composition during their thermal utilization. Productivity and competitiveness increase due to the identification of the composition of raw materials using methods and models for calculating the equilibrium composition of thermal destruction products. In the first chapter "Methods of thermal destruction of organic substances of various origin and composition": – Considered possible sources of origin of organic waste. Two of their groups are distinguished: biomass waste and solid household waste. – An assessment of the energy potential of plant biomass in Ukraine was carried out. Possible technological schemes of the process of thermal destruction of biomass and methods of their management are considered. – The structure of solid household waste was determined. The dependence of the ratio of components included in waste on the season and source of origin was revealed. Possible technological schemes of solid household waste processing are considered. – The complexity of developing a thermal destruction process model for different types of raw materials is indicated. As one of the ways to solve this problem, the approximation method of building the model is highlighted. The need to formalize such a process is emphasized. In the second chapter "Development of a model for calculating the composition and energy characteristics of products of thermal destruction of organic substances": – The modification of the model and the calculation algorithm of the process of equilibrium thermal destruction of organic substances received further development. – Chemical equilibrium constants, which are usually given for partial pressures, were adapted for mole fractions, which allowed their use in the modified model. – To check and confirm the accuracy of the method, verification and validation was carried out on the example of calculating the composition of combustion products, which include gaseous and condensed phases. – The sensitivity of determining the quantitative composition and temperature of combustion products when choosing their list, which differs from the real one, is shown. – The simulation model of pyrolysis and gasification processes has received further development, which allows obtaining the product-gas composition with the maximum calorific value with the minimum amount of carbon residue with different composition of raw materials. In the third section "Development of the method of building a linear approximation differential model of the control object": – Obtained using the Laplace transform based on the approximation in the form of a power series of the experimental acceleration characteristic, its expression in the space of images in the form of a reduced series. – The possibility of building a two-dimensional approximation model based on the obtained one-dimensional model is shown. – For the first time, the application of the considered method during the setting of automatic regulators makes it possible to approximate control objects with a nonmonotonic acceleration curve. In the fourth chapter "Control system of the installation of thermal destruction of organic substances of various origins": – A simulation mathematical model of the thermodestruction of organic substances was developed based on its description, which makes it possible to study its dynamic properties. – It is established that at the stage of modeling there are modes of operation under which the installation can go from a stable state to an unstable state due to the presence of positive feedback. – It is shown that at the stage of modeling the automatic control system (ACS), it is sufficient to use single-loop controllers. – It is established that the control system copes well with disturbances. – Building a model of gasification of wood raw materials with the help of oxygen blowing made it possible to demonstrate the possibilities of the proposed approach while minimizing computational costs. – For the first time proposed a method of controlling the efficiency of a gas boiler at variable load by changing the volume of flue gases.