Karpov P. Biologscal features Yucca torreyi Shafer.: a propagation of plants and obtaining of steroid gly-cosides in situ and in vitro

Research subjects: organs and tissues of Yucca torreyi Shafer. plants Research objectives: study of biological and biochemical features of plants of Y torreyi introducted in Nikita botanical garden, possibility of their seed and clone propagation, as well as determination of the ability of plants of different age, in vitro cell and tissue cultures to synthesize steroid glycosides. Methods: biotechnological, botanical and biochemical with use of tissue culture, TLC, NMR-, PMR- and С13-spectroscopy, histochemistry and light microscopy. Theoretical and practical results: correlation's of Y.torreyi seeds germination with the morphology of seeds and fruits are determent. The revertive dependence of germinating ability of Y.torreyi seeds in vivo that of in vitro from terms of a storage is determent. The ways of a micropropagation of Y.torreyi in vitro are developed. It is determent, that the synthesis of steroid glycosides of Y.torreyi is dated for a start of a histogenesis. The steroid glycosides are found in lives, roots, flowers and seeds. The structure of a dominating glycoside of seeds, has determined. It is determined, that at Y.torreyi the synthesis of steroid glycosides occurs in shoots. Novelty of the introduced: potential opportunities of a seed propagation Y.torreyi for the first time are investigated, and determent correlation of the morphological and mass characte-ristics of seeds with their germinating ability. Dependence of germinating ability of seeds of Y.torreyi in vivo and in vitro from there quality, terms and conditions of a storage for the first time . The original technique allowing induct formation of the adventitious shoots of Y.torreyi, and two ways of propaga-tion of plants in vitro and are developed. Stages of Y.torreyi seedlings development and their lengs in situ and in vitro are determined for the first time. The interrelation of a beginning of synthesis of glycosides in callus cultures with a histogenesis and morphogenesis is determent. It is obtained the callus of Y.torreyi,synth esized steroid glycosi-des at the absence of histogenesis and its cytomorphometric characteristic is given. The steroid glycosides in vegetative and reproductive organs in situ are determent. Their maximal cont-ent of saponins in seeds is marked and the chemical structure of a dominating glycoside has been determned. Implementation degree: obtained and introduced the plants of Yucca torreyi Shafer., and the results of dissertation researches are used in NBG-NSC for propagation of species of a genus Yucca L. Effectiveness: will promote broader introducing of this specie Sphere, sector of implementation: biotechnology, botany, biochemistry, pharmacology, seed-growing