Lukichyeva L. . Biotechnological methods of sanitation and clonal micropropagation of cherry (Cerasus vulgaris Mill.) and plum (Prunus domestiсa L.) in the Crimea.

Research subjects: Biotechnological bases of sanitation and clonal micropropagation of health plant material of cherry and plum. Research objectives: to find out the virus cliseases of valuable industrial and new perspective varieties of cherry and plum, to work out biotechnological methods of obtaining and clonal micropropagation of virus-free plants. Methods: Methods of evaluation of trees according to outward signs, methods of diagnostics and testing on plants-indicators, ELISA-test, methods of cultivation of plants in vitro, methods of sanitation and clonal micropropagation. Theoretical and practical results: Biotechnological methods of sanitation and clonal micropropagation of regionalized and perspective varieties of cherry and plum which allow to hasten the process of obtaining of virus-free plant materials have been worked out. Initial virus-free plants- superelita (8 varieties) for establishing of mother nursery have been obtained. The results of the researches are included in thecourse of lectures on biotechnology for students of biological faculty. Novelty of introduced: 7 agents of virus infection of cherry and plum were identified. ACLSV, RRV and ArMV were found in the Crimea for the first time. The regimes of thermotherapy in vitro and chemotherapy in vitro for elimination the most spreading and harmful viruses (PNRSV and PDV), providing the higher level of sanitation and guaranteed obtaining of initial virus-free material have been determined. Compositions of culture mediums for different stages of morphogenesis have been choosen and modified. Optimal concentrations of cytocinines and аuksines increased coefficient of propagation of cherry and plum varieties and effectiveness of process of ryzogenesis have been determined. The true correlational dependence between the content of auksines in culture medium and the quantaty of main and additional roots have been established for the first time. Implementation degree: Virus-free plants (superelita) of 4 cherry varieties and 4 plum varieties for establishing of virus-free mother plantations and for propagation of virus-free plant material have been handed. Effectiveness: The developed scientific bases of biotechnological methods of sanitation and clonal micropropagation of cherry and plum allows to hasten the process of obtaining and adoption of virus-free plant material in industry in 4-5 times. Sphere, sector of implementation: biotechnology, virusology, selection, nursery practice, training of specialists.