Bazylevska M. Formation, partitioning and transfer of halocarbons in geological medium

The results of quantitative analysis of the volatile impurities occluded in young and aged layers of glacier, Galindez Island, West coastal Antarctica, have been given. Reasons for their enrichment in the ice and processes of their formation from natural sources have been discussed. The COS, CS2, propene, CH3Cl, C2H5Cl, CH2=CHCl, CH3Br, CH3I and C2H5I determined in considerable amounts are formed as result of biochemical reactions of ice microalgaes, photolysis and redox-reactions of organic matter created from the algaes. The analytical data indicate on absence of essential natural sources for chlorofluorocarbons, their replacements and chlorinated solvents in Antarctic atmosphere. Role of retreated Antarctic glaciers and icebergs as local secondary sources of sulphur- and halogen-containing atmospheric impurities emission during current global warming has been noticed. An model for partitioning of halocarbons between compartments of geological medium has been developed and the coefficients of the model have been calculated for the partitioning between air and surface of various carbonaceous materials, minerals, metal oxides, soils, plants and water as well as for the dissolution in various liquids, the partitioning between water and the interfaces and between various liquid phases. It has been shown that proposed model sufficiently describes the partitioning of 23 typical atmospheric organic pollutants between gas phase and surrogates for the environmental carbonaceous and mineral interfaces which has been studied by inverse gas chromatography method. The factors affecting on the persistence and characteristic travel distance of organic pollutants in geological medium have been established.