Raichuk T. The main tomato diseases and optimization of protective measures in Northern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Object - pathogens of late and early leaf blight of tomato, commercial and perspective varieties and hybrids, fungicides. Aim - to determine peculiarities of development of late and early leaf blight of tomato under conditions of Forest-Steppe of Ukraine and substantiate measures for optimization of disease control. Methods - laboratory, laboratory-field, field. Scientific novelty - species composition and peculiarities of development of early blight of tomato under conditions of Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It is established, that early blight is caused by two species: Alternaria solani Ell. et Mart and Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl, which have different morphology. It is proved that conidia of pathogens can germinate in wide temperature range - from +3 to +32?C. For the first time it is proved, that digging of infection source on the depth of 10-15 sm is optimal for conservation of vitality of pathogens of early blight of tomato. Keeping of plant remains on ground surface restrict development of pathogen. Differentiation of symptoms of early blight of tomato under infection of varieties with different resistance. It is established that first symptoms of early blight appears on tomato plants in the same time independent on their field resistance. It is proved that no-seedling growing method is effective in limitation of spot development. This is one of agrotechnical methods for disease control. Varieties and hybrids of tomato with group resistance to pathogens of early and late blight under laboratory and field conditions. Schemes for control of these diseases on tomato varieties with different resistance were developed. Sphere of use - agriculture, selection, plant protection