Konup L. Crown gall of grapes and substantiation of measures to restrict its development in the southern region of Ukraine

As a result of phytosanitary inspection of vineyards of Odessa, Nikolaev and Kherson areas it is established that in Odessa area distribution of a crown gall on vineyards made 0,3-35 %, in the Nikolaev area - 0,6-2,5 %, in the Kherson area - 0,3 -1,4 %. The highest percentage of lesions was observed on varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay and Merlot, imported from France, Germany, Serbia and Italy. The study investigated 46 clones of technical varieties and 47 technical varieties of ordinary planting material, 13 clones of table varieties and 7 table varieties of ordinary planting material; 10 clones of grafted grape varieties for infection with the causative agent of crown gall of grapes. The largest number of bushes with symptoms of crown gall was found on varieties of Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Chardonnay of imported origin. It was found that among these representatives had high antimicrobial activity alkyl-substituted aliphatic crown esters, of which ditretbutyl-dibenzo-18-crown-6 showed the highest antimicrobial activity, inhibited the growth of all used test cultures. Treatment of grape tumors with potential chemicals (crown ethers) has led to their slow development and even destruction, which is confirmed by the acts of implementation. It is proved that the mechanism of their action is influenced by lipophilicity and ionophoric properties, with the increase of these indicators their antimicrobial activity increases. The use of modern methods of disease diagnosis, development and use of methods of rehabilitation of valuable varieties and clones of grapes affected by phytopathogens will preserve the domestic gene pool of plants. All these measures will save energy, agricultural machinery, will increase the final product in the form of quality grapes and products of its processing.