Vuiek A. Oyster mushroom diseases and substantiation of measures to limit their development in the conditions of cultivation

The dissertation is devoted to the study of the main diseases of the common oyster mushroom, to clarify their symptoms, identification of the taxonomic affiliation of pathogens. In mushroom farms, the spread and development of oyster mushroom diseases at different stages of the production process have been studied: on grain mycelium, during mycelial colonization of oyster substrate blocks, during fruiting and harvesting. On the grain mycelium, substrate and fruiting bodies of oyster mushroom we found 8 infectious diseases, including 5 fungal and 2 bacterial, as well as fruiting bodies with symptoms of viral infection. In addition, diseases caused by abiotic factors (non-infectious) are widespread. As a result of our studies of grain spawn from different farms, 131 samples were taken, of which 12.2% were contaminated with various species of micromycetes belonging to the genera: Trichoderma Pers., Aspergillus P. Micheli, Penicillium Link, Rhizopus Ehrenb, Fusarium Link, MucorP. Micheli ex L., as well as apotecia (Peziza ostracoderma Korf.) Bacteria were detected in some samples. All containers with mold and bacterial indications were removed from the facilities and disposed after sampling to identify micromycetes. For the first time the main types of interaction between Pleurotus ostreatus and fungi of the genera Trichoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Mucor, Rhizopus were studied. The effectiveness of using the Mikosan B biofungicide to inhibit the development of molds was determined. The lowest growth of pathogens, compaction of their colonies and delayed sporulation were observed at 5% and 10% concentration of the biofungicide; colonies of the pathogen became denser, sporulation was delayed. The possibility of using biologically active substances with antioxidant properties to improve the quality of spawn in the process of its cultivation on agar media and grain substrate was investigated. It was found that the use of these drugs improves the growth characteristics of the mycelium of oyster mushrooms on agar media and grains, as well as reduces the damage to the substrate by pathogens. The effect of benzoxazolinones (BOA) on the growth and development of green mold pathogens during the cultivation of oyster mushroom was first studied.