Prisyazniuk O. Increase of productivity of peas under conditions in the central Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine

The thesis presents the results of the authors studies on determining features of formation and realization of genetic potential of productivity of new pea varieties in ontogeny depending on their interactions with technological practices of their growing and environment factors. Correlation dependences between duration of the vegetation period and organogenesis stages were determined. While in the Aronis variety, the length of vegetation period depends on the duration of the first stage of organogenesis (formation of the apical cone and first embrionic leaves) and on that of the tenth stage (initial differentiation of the seed embryo, formation of a proembryo, setting cotyledons and the apical cone of the bud), in the Coral variety, it depends on the first stage, third - fourth stages (differentiation of the apical cone and formation of a rachis) and the fifth stage (formation of floral organs). It was established that the duration of the growing period of the Aronis variety of pea depended on the speed of passing the first and tenth stages of organogenesis and the varieties Uladovskiy kharchevik and Coral on that of the first, the third - fourth and fifth stades. Parameters of models of agrophytocenoses to which the maximum biological potential of pea varieties correspondent were grounded. It was established that stability of such characters as: the number of seeds per plant, pods per plant, fertile nodes, pods per fertile node, seeds per pod, total number of nodes, length of the fertile part of the plant and thousand seed weight contributed share in the trait of individual productivity of pea varieties - mass of seeds per plant. Technology of droving pea varieties with taking into account adaptive potential, plant model and agrocenosis was worked out. Regularities of growth and development and photosynthetic processes of the new varieties depending on the influence of abiotic factors and cultural practices were established Symbiotic activity of pea varieties depends on the degree of provision of plantswith available elements of nutrition. Plants regulate their symbiotic activity by the quantity of nutrients which are directed to nodule bacteria. The area of assimilating surface is determined by biological features of a variety; when the sowing rate was increased, the increase of leaf area was observed in all the varieties. From the first of the ninth stage of organogenesis, the area of leaves and tendrils of a pea plant increases, and later on is gradually reduced. With the increase of sowing rates, weed infestation and the number of damaged plants are reduced. Maximym yield of the Aronis variety when sown at the rate 1.8 mln seeds/ha was 3.61 t/hа, that of Uladovskiy kharchevik when sown at the rate 1.2 mln seeds/ha, was 3.29 t/hа, and that Coral with the sowing rate 1.5 mln viable seeds/ha amounted to 3.73 t/hа. The new varieties Aronis and Coral are recommended to production with the growing rates 1.8 and 1.5 mln germinable seeds/ha, respectively. Calculations of energetic and economic expediency of these technological practices are presented in thesis. The results of industrial checks are submitted.