Brodyak I. Biochemical and functional characteristics of immunocompetent blood cells under type 1 diabetes mellitus

The objeсt - changes in structural and functional of leucocytes of peripheral blood of rats and humans under normal and diabetic state. The aim: approaches to correction of metabolic disorders leading to occurence and development of diabetic complications. Methods of studies: biochemical, molecular- biological, cytological, immunocytochemical, statistical. It has been shown that on the basis of biochemical impairments which cause changes in structural and functional state of immunocompetent blood cells under type 1 DM a significant increase in nitric oxide (NO) production occurs due to the change in proportion of oxidative - non-oxidative pathways of L-arginine turnover at the expense of the increase of inducible NO synthase activity against the background of arginase inhibition. Alteration in oxidative modification of leucocytes proteins as well as blood plasma proteins cause accumulation of significant quantities of active oxygen forms, which initiate transformation of protective NO effects into cytotoxic ones. The changes in structure and distribution of arbohydrate determinants in glycoproteins of leucocyte membranes in type 1 DM are the leading mechanism of morphofunctional state changes in these cells. Inhibition of functional and bactericidal activity of neutrophylic granulocytes indicates on exhaustion of microphagocytic link of the whole body immune protection system under investigated pathlogy. Aminoguanidine is the factor which is able to prevent the development of hypoxic state and to inhibit oxidative protein modification by attenuator of toxic and proapoptic effects of nitric oxyde in blood leucocytes in type 1 DM. Field of application: cell biology and medicine.