Sviridovska L. Piano miniature in the Ukrainian musical culture (the end of ХІХth - the first third of ХХ th century)

The offered work represents attempt of research of the piano miniature in the Ukrainian musical culture (the end of ХІХth - the first third of ХХth century). The are found out the precondition of formation of professional musical culture in Ukraine; the evolution of genres of piano music of the end of ХІХth - beginning of ХХth centure in Ukraine is analysed; the presence of program features of piano miniature is proved; musical language of this art genre is analysed; the features of figurative updating of piano miniature are characterized in the dissertation. The evolution of the piano miniature genre of the end od the ХІХ th - beginning of the ХХth century occurred in Ukraine in a context of development of slavic and European musical cultures. The general tendencies of European modernism have affected on expansion of traditional figurative thematic and genre spheres, the expressive means were significant reached, that was promoted by mastering of instrumentalism as an art thinking. The professionalismof the piano creativity with 60th years of the ХІХth century was held, which was stimulated first of all by activity of M. Lysenko. As social and cultural sources of this process it is possible to consider the amateur piano playing, which practised by wide layers of intelligency, and also concert activity of the musicians-amateurs, which gradually have put in pawn the foundations of domestic composer school. With current of time the differentiation of the piano performance, musical training and composer practice was held The reference to program music was caused by the conducting tendency in the sphere of piano miniature - democratization of the genre, which became possible owing to increase of interest to spiritual life of the contemporary, profound judgement his sensual - psychological condition. At the same time, the expansion of process of a finding by instrumental art in Ukraine of the program characteristics is connected with influence on creation of Ukrainian piano art of the West-European and Russianmusic, traditions of romanticism, which have generated the world outlook and aesthetic bases of art culture of the end of the ХІХth century. The necessity of the program software is caused by need of reproduction of expressive emotional - psychological musical images and thereof complications of dramatic composition products, their musical-semantic material. The development of musical language of the Ukrainian composers of the end of the ХІХth - first third of the ХХth century was caused, on the one hand, by the support on tradition national piano playing, on the another hand - owing to instrumentalization and intellectualization of the professional author's thinking in a context dialogism of the musical cultures. In this period the creation of miniature as a musical thinking occurs, inherent to it romantic-expressive characteristic with prevalence of lyrical and lyrical-epic paints are allocated. The stylistic updating of a genre occurs owing to expansion of figurative, intonation-thematic spheres. The traditional forms of a miniature are filled with the new contents, receiving the new semantic and structural characteristics. The feature of stylistics of Ukrainian piano modern by that time is that on the basis of original synthesis of the late romantic and impressionism stylistics there is a natural distance from the traditional folklorism. At the same time, the mastering the instrumentalism as a thinking by a cardinal image has affected rates and capacity of stylistic innovations in the Ukrainian musical culture.